1. The Urinary System By: Johnmichael Rogers and Joey Risdall

2. Structure of the Urinary System

3. Structure The kidneys rid salts, water, and nitrogen wastes in urine. The urinary bladder is a sack that stores urine in the body. The ureters are the tubes that take the urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The urethra a tube that the urine goes through when it exits the body. In a female the urethra is located just in front of the vagina. In a male the urethra is about 8 inches long and opens at the end of the penis.

4. Functions of the Urinary System Body takes nutrients from food and uses them to maintain all functions in the body and helps repair. The body leaves the waste in the blood and bowel. The urinary system works with many parts of the body such as, skin, lungs, and intestines which also get rid of wastes to keep the chemicals in your body balanced.

5. Functions (continued) Adults release about a quart and a half of urine each day. The amount of urine released depends on the amounts of fluid and food a person consumes and how much fluid is lost through sweat and breathing. In the liver, a chemical called ammonia is made into a much less toxic nitrogen waste called urea, which is then transported by the blood to the kidneys, where it is removed from the blood. Urine that is released from the body is made mostly from water, urea, and different salts that are left over after absorption. Ureters then take the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder The urine exits the body through the urethra.

6. Cystitis Disease Cystitis is a common disease in the urinary system. It is the inflammation of the bladder which is caused by an infection from bacteria. This may also be caused by the use of drugs, exposure to radiation, or chemicals. A few symptoms are increased frequency of urination, pelvic pain, and sharp pain while urinating. Treating this disease includes the use of antibiotics if the disease was caused by infection, if not the use of medications or even physical therapy will treat it.

7. 10 Essential Facts on Structure and Functions The urinary bladder gradually expands as it fills. The average urinary bladder can hold up to 0.6L of urine. The urinary bladders of males are usually larger than females. A healthy adult usually releases anywhere from 1.5L to 2.3L of urine a day depending on how much fluids he/she consumes. In females the urethra is only 2.5cm long. In older children and adults the brain can alter the urination reflex which allows the urine to come out a comfortable time. To avoid bladder infection you should empty your bladder every 2 to 3 hours. In males, both sperm and and urine exit the body through the urethra. When the bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors in the bladder’s wall sends signals to the spinal cord These impulses cause contractions of the bladder

8. Bibliography http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs /Yoururinary/http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs /Yoururinary/ http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/he althcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/a natomy_urinary_system/http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/he althcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/a natomy_urinary_system/ Holt California Biology: Johnson; Raven::copyright 2007 by Rhinehart and winston

9. 9 Pictures from http://www.ama- assn.org/ama/pub/physician- resources/patient-education- materials/atlas-of-human-body/urinary- system.pagehttp://www.ama- assn.org/ama/pub/physician- resources/patient-education- materials/atlas-of-human-body/urinary- system.page http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/ bio201_mckinley/Urinary%20System.htmhttp://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/ bio201_mckinley/Urinary%20System.htm