1. Bean/Cowpea CRSP Biodiversity and Conservation Activities James R. Steadman- University of Nebraska

2. Malawi Mozambique South Africa Tanzania Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Latin America and Caribbean Project Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Ghana Niger Nigeria Senegal Zimbabwe West Africa Project East and Southern Africa Project

3. Development of improved germplasm and cultivars for common bean and cowpea. Biotic stresses emphasized Bean/Cowpea CRSP priority over past 25 years

4. Collection AreaNo. AccessionsLocation of Storage Argentina/Bolivia112USDA-PI/ Salta, Argentina Honduras111USDA-PI / Zamorano Honduras landraces452Zamorano Tanzania landraces80USDA-PI Caribbean65Haiti/Puerto Rico/ DR Domincan Republic28USDA-PI / IDIAF (DR) Total848 Accessions of Common Bean and Related Species

5. Accessions of Cowpea Germplasm Cowpea collections from Africa increased USDA-PI holdings from 2,000 to 7,000 in 20 years

6. USA elite breeding lines crossed to landraces from Africa and the Americas In 1980’s USA beans had narrow germplasm base Crosses broaden genetic diversity and Increase resistance to biotic stresses.

7. Use of exotic bean germplasm by Bean/Cowpea CRSP researchers A unique source of resistance to Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic derived from P. coccineus (Univ. of Puerto Rico) Wild tepary bean germplasm is a source of resistance to bean weevil (Oregon State Univ.) High-yielding common bean breeding lines developed from a cross with a wild bean accession (Michigan State Univ.) Dominican PC-50 used for white mold and adult plant rust resistance (Univ. of Nebraska)

8. Biodiversity of Bean Lines in the Caribbean Dominican landraces were characterized and used to improve bean production Haitian bean germplasm may be a source of unique combinations of Andean and Mesoamerican genes for disease resistance.

9. Overlooked area of biodiversity- Plant associated microbes

10. PathogenLocationNumber/races/isolates Uromyces appendiculatus UN-L, USDA550 Rhizoctonia solaniUN-L, Cornell>200 Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Zamorano, CIAT, MSU >100 Phaeoisariopsis griseola Zamorano, UC-Davis, CIAT >100 Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- Fungal

11. PathogenLocationNumber/races/strains Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli UN-L, UC-Davis, CIAT >300 Pseudomonas syringae UN-L, U-Wisconsin480 Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola UN-L, CABI>200 Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- Bacterial

12. VirusLocationNumber/strains Bean Golden MosaicU-WI, U-AZ, CIAT, Brazil >100 Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic U-WI, U-AZ, CIAT >200 Bean Common Mosaic USDA, CIAT50 Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- Viruses

13. LocationNumber/strains Rhizobium spp. Other species U-MN, USDA, CIAT, Australia >300 Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- BNF Microbes

14. In addition to new sources of disease resistance and screening methods- Bean & Cowpea germplasm and pathogen collections Unique coevolution of host/pathogen studies- bean rust, web blight Transgenic cowpea/insect studies- pest population diversity

15. Farmer association/NAR collaboration- (Dom. Republic) Local committees of agricultural research (Ecuador) Farmer-managed field trials (Malawi) Participatory breeding (Central America) Deployment of improved bean lines

16. Dambos (wetlands) used for seed production in Malawi with minimal impact on natural diversity On-going need for clean seed of new lines

17. Present and Future conservation/diversity problems Inadequate microbiology conservation locations, e.g. ATCC Homeland security / APHIS requires permit for all pathogens/pests Underfunding for germplasm collection and conservation

18. Developing country fears of losing natural resources- limited or no collections Loss of landraces/ wild germplasm Loss of funding for CRSPs and IARCs Present and Future conservation/diversity problems