2. High Performance Communication for Oracle using InfiniBand Ross Schibler CTO Topspin Communications, Inc Session id: #36568 Peter Ogilvie Principal Member of Technical Staff Oracle Corporation

3. Session Topics  Why the Interest in InfiniBand Clusters  InfiniBand Technical Primer  Performance  Oracle 10g InfiniBand Support  Implementation details

4. Why the Interest in InfiniBand  InfiniBand is key new feature in Oracle 10g Enhances price/performance and scalability; simplifies systems  InfiniBand fits broad movement towards lower costs Horizontal scalability; converged networks, system virtualization...grid  Initial DB performance & scalability data is superb Network tests done; Application level benchmarks now in progress  InfiniBand is widely supported standard - available today Oracle…Dell, HP, IBM, Network Appliance, Sun and ~100 others involved.  Tight alliance btw Oracle and Topspin enables IB for 10g Integrated & tested; delivers complete Oracle “wish list” for high speed interconnects

5. Server Revenue Mix 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% $0-2.9K$3-5.9K$6-9.9K$10- 24.9K $25- 49.9K $50- 99.9K $100- 249.9K $250- 499.9K $500- 999.9K $1M-3M$3M+ Price Band Share of Revenues 1996 2001 2002 Source: IDC Server Tracker, 12/2002 23% Entry Mid High-End Server Revenue Mix 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% $0-2.9K$3-5.9K$6-9.9K$10- 24.9K $25- 49.9K $50- 99.9K $100- 249.9K $250- 499.9K $500- 999.9K $1M-3M$3M+ Price Band Share of Revenues 1996 2001 2002 Source: IDC Server Tracker, 12/2002 23% 39% Entry Mid High-End Server Revenue Mix 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% $0-2.9K$3-5.9K$6-9.9K$10- 24.9K $25- 49.9K $50- 99.9K $100- 249.9K $250- 499.9K $500- 999.9K $1M-3M$3M+ Price Band Share of Revenues 1996 2001 2002 23% 39% 43% Entry Mid High-End Source: IDC Server Tracker, 12/2002 System Transition Presents Opportunity  Major shift to standard systems - blade impact not even factored in yet  Customer benefits from scaling horizontally across standard systems – Lower up-front costs, Granular scalability, High availability

6. The Near Future Server Revenue Mix 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% $0-2.9K$3-5.9K$6-9.9K$10- 24.9K $25- 49.9K $50- 99.9K $100- 249.9K $250- 499.9K $500- 999.9K $1M-3M$3M+ Price Band Share of Revenues Scale OutScale Up Legacy & Big Iron Apps Database Clusters & Grids  Market Splits around Scale-Up vs. Scale-Out  Database grids provide foundation for scale out  InfiniBand switched computing interconnects are critical enabler Enterpris e Apps Web Services

7. Application Servers Shared Storage Oracle RAC Gigabit Ethernet Traditional RAC Cluster Fibre Channel

8. Application Servers Shared Storage Oracle RAC OUCH! Scalability within the Database Tier limited by Interconnect Latency, Bandwidth, and Overhead Gigabit Ethernet Three Pain Points OUCH! OUCH! Throughput Between the Application Tier and Database Tier limited by Interconnect Bandwidth, and Overhead I/O Requirements driven by number of servers instead of application performance requirements Fibre Channel

9. Application Servers Shared Storage Oracle RAC Clustering with Topspin InfiniBand

10. Application Servers Shared Storage Oracle RAC Removes all Three Bottlenecks Central server to storage I/O scalability through InfiniBand switch Removes I/O bottlenecks to storage and provides smoother scalability InfiniBand provides 10 Gigabit low latency interconnect for cluster Application tier can run over InfiniBand, benefiting from same high throughput and low latency as cluster

11. Example Cluster with Converged I/O Ethernet to InfiniBand gateway for LAN access  Four Gigabit Ethernet ports per gateway  Create virtual Ethernet pipe to each server Fibre Channel to InfiniBand gateway for storage access  Two 2Gbps Fibre Channel ports per gateway  Create 10Gbps virtual storage pipe to each server InfiniBand switches for cluster interconnect  Twelve 10Gbps InfiniBand ports per switch card  Up to 72 ports total ports with optional modules  Single fat pipe to each server for all network traffic Industry Standard Storage Industry Standard Server Industry Standard Network Industry Standard Storage Industry Standard Server Industry Standard Network Industry Standard Server

12. Topspin InfiniBand Cluster Solution Ethernet or Fibre Channel Gateway modules Integrated System and Subnet management Family of switches Host Channel Adapter With Upper Layer Protocols Protocols  uDAPL  SDP  SRP  IPoIB Platform Support  Linux: Redhat, Redhat AS, SuSE  Solaris: S10  Windows: Win2k & 2003  Processors: Xeon, Itanium, Opteron Cluster Interconnect with Gateways for I/O Virtualization

13.  InfiniBand is a new technology used to interconnect servers, storage and networks together within the datacenter  Runs over copper cables (<17m) or fiber optics (<10km)  Scalable interconnect: – 1X = 2.5Gb/s – 4X = 10Gb/s – 10X = 30Gb/s InfiniBand Primer

14. ServerServer InfiniBand Nomenclature Ethernet Storage Network Topspin 360/90 Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Server Server CPU Host Interconnect Mem Cntlr System Memory IB Link HCA SM Switch IB Link TCA IB Link TCA Ethernet link IB Link FC link

15. InfiniBand Nomenclature SM Switch IB Link TCA IB Link TCA Ethernet link IB Link FC link CPU Host Interconnect Mem Cntlr System Memory IB Link HCA  HCA – Host Channel Adaptor  SM - Subnet manager  TCA – Target Channel Adaptor

16. Kernel Bypass Kernel Bypass Model Hardware Application Kernel User TCP/IP Transport Driver uDAPL Sockets Layer SDP async sockets

17. NIC Copy on Receive CPU Host Interconnect Mem Cntlr Server (Host) interconnect System Memory OS Buffer App Buffer Data traverses bus 3 times

18. With RDMA and OS Bypass HCA CPU Host Interconnect Mem Cntlr Server (Host) interconnect System Memory OS Buffer App Buffer Data traverses bus once, saving CPU and memory cycles

19. 6.4Gb/s 3.2Gb/s 1.2Gb/s APIs and Performance BSD Sockets Async I/O extension Application 1GE RDMA IPoIB TCP IP SDP 10G IB 0.8Gb/s uDAPL

20. Why SDP for OracleNet & uDAPL for RAC?  RAC IPC – Message based – Latency sensitive – Mixture of previous APIs  use of uDAPL  OracleNet – Streams based – Bandwidth intensive – Previously written to sockets  use of Sockets Direct Protocol API

21. InfiniBand Cluster Performance Benefits Source: Oracle Corporation and Topspin on dual Xeon processor nodes Network Level Cluster Performance for Oracle RAC InfiniBand delivers 2-3X higher block transfers/sec as compared to GigE Block Transfer/sec (16KB)

22. InfiniBand Application to Database Performance Benefits InfiniBand delivers 30-40% lower CPU utilization and 100% higher throughput as compared to Gigabit Ethernet Source: Oracle Corporation and Topspin Percent

23. Broad Scope of InfiniBand Benefits Oracle RAC Application Servers Network Shared Storage Ethernet gateway FC gateway: host/lun mapping OracleNet: over SDP over IB Intra RAC: IPC over uDAPL over IB DAFS over IB SAN NAS 20% improvement in throughput 2x improvement in throughput and 45% less CPU 3-4x improvement in block updates/sec 30% improvement in DB performance

24. Database uDAPL Optimization Timeline IB HW/FW uDAPL skgxp CacheFusion Workload CM Sept 2002: uDAPL functional with 6Gb/s throughput Dec 2002: Oracle interconnect performance released, showing improvements in bandwidth (3x), latency(10x) and cpu reduction (3x) Feb 2003: Cache Block Updates show fourfold performance improvement in 4-node RAC April-August 2003: Gathering OAST and industry standard workload performance metrics. Fine tuning and optimization at skgxp, uDAPL and IB layers Jan 2003: added Topspin CM for improved scaling of number of connections and reduced setup times LM

25. RAC Cluster Communication  High speed communication is key – must be faster to fetch a block from a remote cache than to read the block from disk – Scalability is a function of communication CPU overhead  Two Primary Oracle Consumers – Lock manager / Oracle buffer cache – Inter instance parallel query communication  SKGXP Oracle’s IPC driver interface – Oracle is coded to skgxp – Skgxp is coded to vendor high performance interfaces – IB support delivered as a shared library libskgxp10.so

26. Cache Fusion Communication Shadow processes to client LMS Lock request cache RDMA

27. Parallel Query Communication PX Servers PX Servers to client msg data data

28. Cluster Interconnect Wish List  OS bypass (user mode communication)  Protocol offload  Efficient asynchronous communication model  RDMA with high bandwidth and low latency  Huge memory registrations for Oracle buffer caches  Support large number of processes in an instance  Commodity Hardware  Software interfaces based on open standards  Cross platform availability InfiniBand is first interconnect to meet all of these requirements

29. Asynchronous Communication  Benefits – Reduces impact of latency – Improves robustness by avoiding communication dead lock – Increases bandwidth utilization  Drawback - Historically costly, as synchronous operations are broken into separate submit and reap operations

30. Protocol Offload & OS Bypass  Bypass makes submit cheap – Requests are queued directly to hardware from Oracle  Offload – Completions move from the hardware to Oracle’s memory – Oracle can overlap commutation and computation without a trap to the OS or context switch

31. InfiniBand Benefits by Stress Area Stress AreaBenefit Cluster NetworkExtremely low latency 10 Gig throughput ComputeCPU & kernel offload removes TCP overhead Frees CPU cycles Server I/OSingle converged 10 Gig network for cluster, storage, LAN Central I/O scalability Stress level varies over time with each query InfiniBand provides substantial benefits in all three areas

32. Benefits for Different Workloads  High bandwidth and low latency benefits for Decision Support (DSS) – Should enable serious DSS workloads on RAC clusters  Low latency benefits for scaling Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)  Our estimate: One IB Link replaces 6-8 Gigabit Ethernet links

33. Commodity Hardware  Higher capabilities and lower cost than propriety interconnects  InfiniBand’s large bandwidth capability means that a single link can replace multiple GigE and FC interconnects

34. Memory Requirements  The Oracle buffer cache can consume 80% of a host’s physical memory  64 bit addressing and decreasing memory prices mean ever larger buffer caches  Infiniband provides… – Zero copy RDMA between very large buffer caches – Large shared registrations moves memory registration out of the performance path

35. Two Efforts Coming Together RAC/Cache Fusion and Oracle Net  Two Oracle engineering teams working at cluster and application tiers – 10g incorporates both efforts  Oracle Net benefits from many of the same capabilities as Cache Fusion – OS kernel bypass – CPU offload – New transport protocol (SDP) support – Efficient asynchronous communication model – RDMA with high bandwidth and low latency – Commodity hardware  Working on external and internal deployments

36. Open Standard Software APIs uDAPL and Async Sockets /SDP  Each new communication driver is a large investment for Oracle  One stack which works across multiple platforms means improved robustness  Oracle grows closer to the interfaces over time  Ready today for immerging technologies  Ubiquity and robustness of IP for high speed communication

37. Summary  Oracle and major system & storage vendors are supporting InfiniBand  InfiniBand presents superb opportunity for enhanced horizontal scalability and lower cost  Oracle Net’s InfiniBand Support significantly improves performance for both the app server and the database in Oracle 10g  Infiniband provides the performance to move applications to low cost Linux RAC databases. ????

38. A Q & Q U E S T I O N S A N S W E R S

39. Next Steps….  See InfiniBand demos first hand on the show floor – Dell, Intel, Netapp, Sun, Topspin (booth #620) – Includes clustering, app tier and storage over InfiniBand  InfiniBand whitepapers on both Oracle and Topspin websites – www.topspin.com www.topspin.com – www.oracle.com www.oracle.com