1. Pollution and Environmental protection DR.HUMAIRA RIZWANA LAB-346

2. Air pollution DEFINITION -- Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms or damages the natural environment of the atmosphere.natural environmentatmosphere Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report.Blacksmith Institute

3. Types of air pollutants: –Primary pollutants - products of natural events (like fires and volcanic eruptions) and human activities added directly to the air –Secondary pollutants - formed by interaction of primary pollutants with each other or with normal components of the air

4. Particulates -- Particulates or particulate matter (PM) are fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. 1.solid particles (e.g., dust, soot, & asbestos) 2.liquid droplets (e.g., pesticides )

5. –Sources ---- Power plants, iron/steel mills, land clearing, highway construction, mining, & other activities. –Effects ---- Act as respiratory irritants; some are known carcinogens (e.g., asbestos). can aggravate heart/respiratory diseases

6. Lab ----Aim -- To determine the presence of particulate matter(PM) in air. Materials ---Microscopic slides Petri dishes MicroscopeGlass rodGlass marker Petroleum jelly

7. Method---1. Select different location (indoor, outdoor, busy road, park, factory / industry) 2. Take glass slides; label the locations on them with glass marker. (Take replicates if possible). 3. Smear the center of the slide with white petroleum jelly, using a glass rod or tongue depressor. 4. Place the slide in a Petri dish and cover it immediately. 5. Carry it to the desired location and open the lid for a period of ( 6-12 hours). 6. Cover the lid after the experimental time and bring it to the lab. 7.Observe under a microscope. 8 Control slide —Place a smeared slide in a Petri dish and cover it immediately. 9. Compare and record your results. Diesel particles

9. Number of particlesParticle Trap locationS.NO 1 2 3 4 5 Observation.Data table Inference/Conclusion:--