1. Making Textile Materials Textile materials are made in three main stages. Start = Spinning the fibres into yarns. Middle = Weaving or knitting yarns to make fabric. End = Finishing fabrics to make them more useful. Why doesn’t this include bonded / non- woven fabrics?

2. Making Textile Materials

3. Fibres Spun into yarns Woven or knitted into fabrics Finish applied Made into a finished product

4. Making Textile Materials NaturalSynthetic Regenerated

5. Making Textile Materials NaturalSynthetic Regenerated AnimalPlant Wool Silk Alpaca Cashmere Mohair Angora Camel Cotton Linen(Flax) Hemp Jute Sisal

6. Making Textile Materials NaturalSynthetic Regenerated AnimalPlant Wool Silk Alpaca Cashmere Mohair Angora Camel Cotton Linen(Flax) Hemp Jute Sisal Acrylic Polyester Nylon(Polyamide)

7. Making Textile Materials NaturalSynthetic Regenerated AnimalPlant Wool Silk Alpaca Cashmere Mohair Angora Camel Cotton Linen(Flax) Hemp Jute Sisal Acrylic Polyester Nylon(Polyamide) Viscose Cupro Modal Lyocell(Tencel)

8. Making Textile Materials

9. Cotton Emblem Properties –  Poor Insulators  Stronger when wet than dry  Able to hold moisture well  Hardwearing

10. Making Textile Materials Linen sealCotton Emblem Properties –  Poor Insulators  Stronger when wet than dry  Able to hold moisture well  Hardwearing  Poor elasticity Properties –  Poor insulators  Highly absorbent  Hard wearing  Crease easily  Poor elasticity

11. Making Textile Materials Wool MarkLinen sealCotton Emblem Properties –  Poor Insulators  Stronger when wet than dry  Able to hold moisture well  Hardwearing  Poor elasticity Properties –  Poor insulators  Highly absorbent  Hard wearing  Crease easily  Poor elasticity Properties –  Good insulator  Good elasticity  Highly absorbent  Does not crease easily. Using the AQA textbook = pages 62 + 63 Research other properties, advantages and disadvantages of the fibres.

12. Making Textile Materials Nylon Properties – Absorbs little water Very strong and resistant to wear Very crease resistant Affected by static electricity – which effects the drape Polyester Properties – Strong, hardwearing Crease resistant Easy to wash and care for Resistant to staining Using the AQA textbook = pages 66 + 67 Research other properties, advantages and disadvantages of the fibres.

13. Making Textile Materials Reasons for Fibre blending Improving the QualityAppearanceProfitability Improving the aftercare performance eg – washing, drying, ironing, shrinking Improving the performance of the end product – eg creasing, abrasion, durability Improving the comfort of the end product – eg softer next to the skin, absorption, thermal insulation Improving the colour or the lustre Improving the cost efficiency – diluting expensive fibres with cheaper fibres Blending ratios with synthetic fibres and natural fibres are usually 70:30 and 50:50 All fibre blends help to reduce the cost, improve the aftercare properties and improve durability.

14. Making Textile Materials Using the AQA textbook = pages 68 + 69 List three advantages for manufacturers in mixing / blending fibres together. Give examples of blended fibres and their end uses. What benefits would you create by blending the following – Wool + Polyester = Cotton + Linen = Polyester Polymide (Nylon) (both add easy care and durability) Cotton Viscose Modal (both add lustre) Bedding, Clothing, Lingerie, Furnishing fabrics Why is Care labelling of blends very important?

15. Making Textile Materials