1. The Threshold of Ephemeroptera Sustainability Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee Watershed Research Student: Jennifer Webb Research Advisor: Christopher Kodani Ph.D.

2. Introduction  Previous research  Stream quality vs. land usage  Macroinvertebrates  Vary in sensitivity to environment  Good indicator of quality within streams  Surrounding area correlates to stream quality

3. Mayflies Ephemeroptera Ephemeroptera –Characteristic traits:  Long, flat bodies  3 tails  Gills –Sensitive –Shredders  CPOM –Algae –Detritus

4. Purpose of Study To determine the specific type of woody debris mayfly larvae prefer. To determine the specific type of woody debris mayfly larvae prefer.

5. Materials & Methods GA Adopt-A-Stream Monitoring Protocols GA Adopt-A-Stream Monitoring Protocols –Physical –Chemical –Biological  Streambed  vegetative banks  woody debris –Was not adequate Visual linear assessments Visual linear assessments –Small woody debris –Logs/meter Data Data –Collected between January and March 2008 –Sampled 7 sites of different land usage.

6. Land Usage Parking Lot

7. Land Usage Suburban Park

8. Land Usage Forest

9. Results Parking Lot Sub Park Forest Small Woody Debris & Logs/m per Land Usage Type Parking Lot Sub Park Forest Sum of Ephemeroptera per Land Usage Type

10. Linear Regression Tests for relationship between X and Y values Tests for relationship between X and Y values R 2 ranges from 0 to 1 R 2 ranges from 0 to 1 –0 = no relationship (Sample B) –1 = complete relationship (Sample A)

11. Is There Any Relationship? xyxyx2x2 y2y2 0.15000.02250 2.47207511.296.100942849 0.15000.02250 0.684329.240.46241849 0.21000.04410 0.37103.70.1369100 0.02671.340.00044489 nΣxΣyΣ(xy)Σ(x 2 )Σ(y 2 ) 74.05327545.576.789749287 (Σx) 2 (Σy) 2 16.4025106929

12. Results Avg. Small Woody DebrisLogs/m Mayflies vs. Avg. Small Woody Debris Mayflies vs. Logs/m Mayflies R 2 logs =0.84R 2 woody =0.005

14. Conclusions Mayfly larvae prefer coarse woody debris Mayfly larvae prefer coarse woody debris –Need more sites!!!  1-2 logs/m range Future research: Future research: –Is there an interaction between substrate type, mayflies & woody debris?

15. Acknowledgements Dr. Christopher Kodani Dr. Christopher Kodani Anne Stahley & Brett Williams Anne Stahley & Brett Williams James Moore James Moore Clayton State University Clayton State University –Dept. of Natural Sciences Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Henry County Water Authority Henry County Water Authority Stockbridge High School Stockbridge High School Panola Mountain State Park Panola Mountain State Park Hidden Valley Park Hidden Valley Park Duffey Park Duffey Park Gardner Park Gardner Park

16. Questions?

17. DO Analysis 8 drops Manganous Sulfate 8 drops Manganous Sulfate 8 drops Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide 8 drops Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide Invert Invert 8 drops Sulfuric Acid 8 drops Sulfuric Acid Titration Titration –Used Sodium Thiosulfate –Added starch indicator when pale yellow

18. pH