1. National Monuments

2. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala, Op. 22 (1893–95) – The Swan of Tuonela [Anthology 3-16]

3. England Hubert Parry (1848–1918) Charles Villiers Stanford (1854–1924) Edward Elgar (1857–1934) – Variations on an Original Theme “Enigma Variations”

4. England Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958) – Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis (1910) [Anthology 3-17] – A Sea Symphony (1903–09) – A London Symphony (1911–13) – A Pastoral Symphony (1922)

5. Spain Manuel de Falla (1876–1946) – La vida breve (1905) cante jondo (deep song) – El Sombrero de Tres Picos (1919) zarzuela – Nights in the Gardens of Spain (1909–16)

6. Folk and Modernist Synthesis Béla Bartók (1881–1945) Early influence of Richard Strauss – Kossuth (1903)

7. Folk and Modernist Synthesis Béla Bartók (1881–1945) Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967) Ethnomusicology Style hongrois Magyar nóta – sung Hungarian-style tunes Verbunkos – Hungarian-style instrumental dance music

8. Folk Ways “Peasant music” and “modern music” “A third way” 14 Bagatelles for piano, Op. 6 (1908) – Bagatelle No. 4 [Anthology 3-18] Dance Suite (1923) [Anthology 3-19]

9. Szymanowski and Enescu Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937) – First Violin Concerto (1916) – Third Symphony (1914–16) – Krol Roger (1920–24) – Stabat Mater (1925–26) George Enescu (1881–1955) – Oedipe (1936) – Romanian Rhapsodies, Op. 11

10. The Oldest Modernist: Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (1854–1928) Jenůfa (1904) Five additional opera Slavonic Liturgy, Glagolská mše (1926) Song cycle, Zápisník zmizelého Orchestral work, Sinfonietta

11. Speech-Tunelets Influence of folk music and speech patterns and intonation “Speech melodies” Po zarostlém chodničku (On an Overgrown Path) [Anthology 3-20]

12. Scriabin: From Expression to Revelation Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915) Theosophy – Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–91)

13. Scriabin: From Expression to Revelation Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915) Fifth Symphony, Op. 60 Prométhée, le poème de feu (Prometheus, the Poem of Fire, 1908– 10) – “mystic chord” Vers la flamme Op. 72 (Towards the Flame, 1914)[Anthology 3-21]

14. Mysterium and the Ultimate Aggregate Harmonies Unfinished work Communal creation, combination of all artistic media Aggregate harmonies: “ultimate” chords each containing all twelve pitches

15. Charles Ives (1874–1954) Transcendentalism – Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82) – Henry David Thoreau (1817–62) – self-reliance

16. Charles Ives (1874–1954) Born in Danbury, Connecticut Church organist Studied at Yale with Horatio Parker (1863– 1919) – The Celestial Country (1902) Insurance salesman

17. Terms of Reception 1920: Privately published Second Piano Sonata Concord, Mass., 1840–60 – Essays before a Sonata – 1 st public performance 1939, John Kirkpatrick – “greatest music composed by an American”

18. Terms of Reception 1922: Privately published 114 Songs Other works published in Cowell’s New Music Quarterly

19. “Manner” and “Substance”: The Concord Sonata Second Piano Sonata, Concord, Mass., 1840–60 [Anthology 3-22] – 1. Emerson – 2. Hawthorne – 3. The Alcotts – 4. Thoreau – Motive from Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony – other quotations

20. Nostalgia Three Places in New England [Anthology 3-23] – “Putman’s Camp” – “scherzoids” – allusions to popular American tunes