1. Ms. DiLucchio Harry S Truman High School Living Environment Aim: How can we use PPA to improve current experimental methods? Day #2 Applying PPA to Scientific Research

2. Do Now: Discuss the following with your partner and write down your answer in your notebook. 1. Why do you think many people are in favor of animal testing over human testing? 2. Why might some people be against animal testing?

3. Public Policy Analyst: Review Define the Problem Gather Evidence Identify the Causes Evaluate the Existing Policy Develop Solutions Select the Best Solution (Feasibility vs. Effectiveness)

4. 1. Define the problem Animals are being harmed during the testing of human products

5. 2. Gather Evidence Identify the type of evidence you would need to collect as proof that animals being harmed during scientific experiments.

6. Evidence More than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests Ex: Mice and rats are forced to inhale toxic fumes, dogs are force-fed pesticides, and rabbits have corrosive chemicals rubbed onto their skin and eyes. Video

7. 3. Identify the Causes What are some possible causes of the problem identified? Small animals such as mice, rats, etc are not under the same testing regulations as humans These animals are cheap to purchase, maintain and replace; can reproduce quickly; require minimal space and effort; can be easily controlled.

8. 4. Evaluate the Existing Policy Animal Welfare Act 1. 90% of animals tested on are not protected under this policy 2. There are no regulations for fish, reptiles, and amphibians; rats, mice, and birds bred for research; as well as animals farmed for food such as pigs and cows

9. 3. For dogs, cats, nonhuman primates—such as chimpanzees and monkeys—guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and other warm-blooded animals), the law sets minimal standards for housing, feeding, handling, veterinary care, and for some species like chimpanzees, their psychological well-being. chimpanzees 4. Conservative estimates indicate that U.S. labs use over 25 million animals annually 5. 115 USDA inspectors to oversee more than 7,750 licensed facilities

10. 5. Develop Solutions Complete the following with your partner: Analyze the current policy and identify what is good about it and what needs to be changed. Brainstorm 3 possible solutions to the problem that animals are being severely harmed during scientific testing.

11. 6. Select the Best Solution Use the chart below to determine the feasibility vs effectiveness of your 3 solutions, then chose the best solution and explain your answer. High Feasibility Medium FeasibilityLow Feasibility High Effectiveness Medium Effectiveness Low Effectiveness

12. Summary: Answer the following in your notebook. What part do you think ethics should play in deciding public policy? Explain your answer.