1. DIABETES HOW IT AFFECTS YOU

2. What it is Diabetes is a common condition in which the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is too high because the body is not able to use it (glucose ) properly. Having Diabetes means one is at increased risk of having kidney problem (Up to 40% developing kidney problems at some point in their lives) It is measured in (millimol) mmol/mol – Result of 51 mmol means a person a diabetic. 48 is borderline It is hereditary It is a progressive Disease It is for life (Unfortunately) – Once you have it, it doesn’t go away

3. SYMPTOMS Feeling thirsty Blurred Vision Passing urine more often than usual Feeling tired all the time. Weight loss and loss of muscle bulk Itching Prickly Feet Slow healing of wound

4. CAUSES The amount of sugar in the blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is produced by the pancreas (a gland behind the stomach). When food is digested and enters your bloodstream, insulin moves glucose out of the blood and into cells, where it's broken down to produce energy. However, if you have diabetes, your body is unable to break down glucose into energy. This is because there's either not enough insulin to move the glucose, or the insulin produced doesn't work properly.

5. There are two main types of diabetes There are two main types of diabetes TYPE 1 Means your body can't produce insulin. It's a lifelong condition and, if untreated, it can cause very serious health problems. Develops before the age of 40. Also known as juvenile Diabetes TYPE 2 Develops when your body can't produce enough insulin, or when the insulin that is produced doesn't work properly It's a lifelong condition and, if untreated, it can cause very serious health problems. Mainly affects Adults

6. Change your Life Style Exercise – Take Long Walk, Jug, Ride, Join swimming club if you cannot go to a gym – Cut Down on Sugar – Beware of FIZZY DRINKS. They contain more sugar than you think. Eat more fruits & Veg Eat less Fat Fish for a Health life Restrict Alcohol

7. EATING WELL If you can provide a healthy diet at home most of the time in the right proportions, you can help achieve a healthy weight for their height. Being too heavy for height can make diabetes more difficult to control, as insulin may not work as well. The ‘Eat well plate’ (figure above) represents the proportions of the food groups in a balanced diet. Foods from each of these should be eaten to provide all the nutrients needed for good health – no single food group can provide everything we need to stay healthy

8. STATISTICS A NEWS REPORT SUGGESTS THAT MORE CHILDREN ARE DYING FROM DIABETES IN THE UK THAN OTHER EU COUNTRIES There are 3.9 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the UK or 6% of UK population. Over 6 Million people in Nigeria according to Vanguard An estimated 850,000 people in the UK who have the condition, don’t know they have it. Over 1 million in Nigeria 3 people die every hour in the UK 1 in 20 people in the UK has either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Black skin are 5 times more likely to have diabetes than white skin. The NHS spends £25000 per minute on the treatment of serious cases 100 lower Limb amputation every month

9. So… why should we care? *Diabetes UK figures 2015 people in the UK have Diabetes of UK population undiagnosed Brits at high risk of Type 2 people die every hour from complications lower limb amputations a week Main cause of blindness in working-age adults The NHS spends on diabetes and its complications: of the entire NHS budget for England and Wales

10. FINALLY Go for Test – Cholesterol, Urine & Kidney function test Take care of your feet – Annual foot test Get involved to raise awareness or to raise funds

11. 15 healthcare essentials, for free Get your blood glucose levels measured Have your blood pressure measured Have your blood fats (such as cholesterol) measured Have your eyes screened Have your feet checked. Have your kidney function monitored Have your weight checked Get support if you are a smoker Receive care planning to meet your individual needs. Attend an education course Receive care from a specialist paediatric team if you are a child or young person. Receive high quality care if admitted to hospital Get information and specialist care if you are planning to have a baby See specialist diabetes healthcare professionals Get emotional and psychological support

12. TESTING HbA1c THE MOST COMMON TEST IS THE HBA1C TEST, WHICH INDICATES YOUR BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS FOR THE PREVIOUS TWO TO THREE MONTHS. THE HBA1C MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF GLUCOSE THAT IS BEING CARRIED BY THE RED BLOOD CELLS IN THE BODY HbA1c targets FOR MOST ADULTS WITH DIABETES, THE HBA1C TARGET IS BELOW 48 MMOL/MOL, SINCE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT THIS CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING COMPLICATIONS, SUCH AS NERVE DAMAGE, EYE DISEASE, KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEART DISEASE. INDIVIDUALS AT RISK OF SEVERE HYPOGLYCAEMIA SHOULD AIM FOR AN HBA1C OF LESS THAN 58 MMOL/MOL. HOWEVER, ANY REDUCTION IN HBA1C LEVELS (AND THEREFORE, ANY IMPROVEMENT IN CONTROL), IS STILL CONSIDERED TO HAVE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF COMPLICATIONS.

13. DIABETES COMPLICATIONS - Consistent High Blood Glucose levels can lead to serious disease affecting the heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys & nerves. (1 in 2 might go on to develop kidney disease) In addition people with diabetes also have higher risk of developing infections - In almost all high-Income countries, diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure & lower limb amputation. - Maintaining blood glucose levels, blood pressure & cholesterol close to normal can help delay & prevent diabetes complications. People with diabetes needs regular monitoring for complications.

14. HbA1c results Measurement OLDNEW (%) (MMOL/MOL) 6.042 6.548 7.053 7.558 8.064 8.564 9.075

15. SUGAR CANE