2. CALEA IMPLEMENTATION IN VoIP NETWORKS By Cemal Dikmen, Ph.D. General Manager Lawful Intercept Products SS8 Networks, Inc. Thursday - 02/24/05, 8:15-9:00am

3. Regulatory Update - VoIP  DoJ/FBI/DEA petition filed on 3/10/04 asked FCC to initiate proceeding to resolve outstanding issues delaying CALEA implementation.  FCC has initiated a process called Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) on 8/4/2004 to clarify the issues regarding interception of IP traffic. The comments from DoJ, service providers, and vendors were filed on 11/8/2004. The reply comments were filed on 12/22/2004. The decision is expected in mid 2005.  NPRM tentatively concludes that CALEA applies to:  Facilities-based providers of broadband internet access;  Providers of “managed” VoIP service.  Why both broadband and managed VoIP providers?  Communications identifying information and content may only be available by access to both broadband access and VoIP providers.  VoIP providers such as Vonage are probably going to be covered under CALEA under the FCC’s upcoming decision.  Peer-to-Peer communications such as Skype will probably not be covered under CALEA.

4. Regulatory Update – IP Data  Based on the NPRM on 8/4/2004, Facilities-based providers of broadband internet access are expected to be covered under the CALEA law.  Why broadband service providers?  Communications identifying information and content may only be available by access to both broadband access and VoIP providers.  The specifications for IP interception are not available yet. Old wiretap rules still apply – deliver everything to the LEA.  Likely cause concerns over privacy. Need to define call- identifying information clearly for Pen Register & Trap and Trace type court orders.

5. Regulatory Update - PoC  Push-To-Talk over Cellular (PoC) in many cases uses VoIP technology over wireless data networks.  Several major wireless service providers are planning PoC deployments.  FCC has already declared that Push-To-Talk over Cellular (PoC) is subject to the CALEA requirements.  TIA is working on creating new lawful intercept specifications for PoC. The new specifications are expected to be published mid 2005.  The difficulty is obtaining information and call events from all the conference participants.

6. Requirements for Lawful Interception  Access to the information – Define Intercept Access Points  Provision the court order and define the target’s identity at the Intercept Access Points  Receive information from the Intercept Access Points to/from the target’s communication channel  Format the intercepted information based on the standards  Filter the information based on the court order  Deliver the intercepted communications to one or more authorized law enforcement agencies  Collect, store, and analyze the intercepted communications

7. Common CALEA Implementation Intercept Access Points (IAP) Delivery Function (DF) Collection Function (CF) Call Data Events (d-CII) Call Content (d-CC) Provisioning (a) Call Content (e-CC) Call Data Channel (e-CII) Court Order Service Provider LEA Demarcation Point Standards Based Handover Interface Proprietary Internal Network Interface SPAF

8. Lawful Intercept Standards  J-STD-025 Rev. A – For interception in wireless and wireline circuit-switched networks.  J-STD-025 Rev. B – For interception of packet data telecommunications services (e.g., cdma2000 ® packet data).  PacketCable™ – For interception of Voice over IP (VoIP) type telecommunications services. The first specifications for VoIP interception.  T1S1 T1.678 – Lawfully authorized electronic surveillance for voice over packet technologies in wireline telecommunications networks.  ETSI TS 101 671 – Defines the handover interface for interception of telecommunications traffic.  ETSI TS 133 106, 133 107, 133 108 – Define interception in a GPRS/UMTS network.  ETSI TS 102 232 – Defines the handover interface for IP delivery.  ETSI TS 102 233 – Defines the handover interface for E-mail interception.

9. Intercept Access Points in PacketCable™ Architecture  CMS (Call Management System) The Call Management System (CMS) provides service to the subscriber. The CMS is responsible for intercepting the Call-Identifying information.  Cable Model Termination System (CMTS) The Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) which controls the set of cable modems attached to the shared medium of the DOCSIS network. The CMTS is responsible for intercepting the Call Content, and certain call- identifying information.  Media Gateway (MG) The Media Gateway (MG) is designated as an Intercept Access Point for purposes of intercepting Call Content for redirected calls to the PSTN.

10. PacketCable Voice Intercept - CMTS Service Provider Domain DELIVERY FUNCTION CDC Admin CCC LI Administration Function DELIVERY FUNCTION Law Enforcement Collection Function Customer Premise IAD (MTA) Target Subscriber Customer Premise IAD (SIP, H.323, or MGCP based Gateway) Call Management Server (CMS) CMTS Warrant Admin Call Control RTP Stream CDC COPS Request Voice Packets Call Control

11. PacketCable Voice Intercept – Media GW Service Provider Domain LI Administration Function Call Management Server (CMS) PSTN Customer Premise IAD (SIP, H.323, or MGCP based Gateway) Target Subscriber Law Enforcement Collection Function Gateway CMTS XCIPIO SSDF Call Control Voice Packets Forwarded Call Call to Target Warrant CCC Admin Call Forward to PSTN CDC Admin CDC MGCP DELIVERY FUNCTION

12. Session Border Controller for VoIP  A single Intercept Access Point (IAP) for both call identifying information and call content.  Eliminates the need to provision for call content interception in real-time.  Eliminates the dependency on the lawful intercept capabilities of the softswitch, trunking gateway, CMTS and/or edge routers.  Transparent handling of call forwarding type features.

13. Session Border Controller as IAP Service Provider Domain LI Administration Function XCIPIO SSDF Law Enforcement Collection Function Customer Premise IAD SBC Cisco CMTS And Routers Provisioning of Warrant IRI Provisioning and Call Events over TCP/IP Based SS8 Interface Admin CC IRI Call Control Call Control CC Target Subscriber Customer Premise IAD (SIP, H.323, or MGCP based Gateway)

14. Technical Challenges  PacketCable is the most widely deployed implementation and it requires DQoS. Call content interception cannot be performed if CMTS does not support DQoS. This situation created new and different architectures which required Delivery Function to take an active role in call content interception.  Most of the network elements (Call Management Systems, Gatekeepers, Media Gateways, Aggregation Routers, CMTS, etc.) need to support lawful interception within the distributed IP environment.  CMS Subscriber Provisioning interface does not address lawful interception provisioning. The target provisioning requires proprietary interfaces.  It is extremely difficult (or sometimes impossible) to capture call identifying information and call content in some of the call features, specifically for the features implemented within the customer premise IAD.

15. Intercepting Conference Calls  Conferencing is implemented within the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) in some of the technologies. In this case, there is no way of knowing a conference is taking place.  Calls are intercepted as individual calls.  There is no call data information to report conference events.  Each leg of the call content is delivered to the LEA separately.

16. Hosted Conference Service Service Provider Domain Target Subscriber Customer Premise IAD Conference Server CMTS PSTN TGW 1-800-CONFERENCE IP Network

17. 3 rd Party Conference Service Conference Service Provider Service Provider Domain Target Subscriber Customer Premise IAD CMTS PSTN TGW 1-800-CONFERENCE IP Network

18. Real Life Problem ! ! ! Target Subscriber Customer Premise IAD Call Management Server (CMS) Call Control RTP Stream Call Control Associate Customer Premise IAD CMTS VoIP Service Provider Access Provider IP Backbone Provider Access Provider

19. Delivery Function As A Network Element The Delivery Function should provide the user with:  Single point for surveillance administration  Built-in test tools for remote testing  Standard MML and remote GUI support  Alarm reporting and Error logging  Automatic software fault recovery  Automatic or manual disk backup  SNMP support for alarm reporting

20. Cemal Dikmen cemal.dikmen@SS8.com Phone: +1.203.567.0603 http://www.ss8.com Thank You ! ! !