1. The great 8

2. Alkali metals Family members Facts
Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
Facts
They have 6 family members.
They’re in group 1.
Alkali metals and halogens combine to form ionic salts.
Alkali metals form multiple types of oxides, peroxides and superoxide's when combined with oxygen.
Uses for alkali metals are Sodium Vapor Lamps, Atomic Clocks, table salt.

3. Alkaline earth metals Family members Facts
Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium.
Facts
The Group 2 elements are all metals with a shiny, silvery-white color.
The alkaline earth metals are high in the reactivity series of metals.
These elements turn these colors when heated Mg - brilliant white, Ca - brick-red, Sr – crimson, Ba - apple green.
The last element radium is radioactive.
These elements are found in the earths crust.

4. Boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium.
Boron family
Family members
Boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium.
Facts
They all do not occur naturally in their element form.
Group 3A contains the metalloid boron.
All of them have three valence electrons.
Aluminum is often found combined with oxygen.
Oxygen combined with aluminum makes a mineral called bauxite.

5. Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead.
Carbon family
Family members
Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead.
Facts
Group 4A contains a metal (carbon).
It also contains two metalloids (silicon, germanium).
Finally it contains two metals (tin, lead).
Except for water most compounds in our body contain carbon.
Metallic nature of elements increase as you go down.

6. Nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth.
Nitrogen family
Family members
Nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth.
Facts
Group 5A contains two nonmetals (nitrogen, phosphorous).
It also contains two metalloids (arsenic, antimony).
Finally it contains one metal (bismuth).
Besides nitrogen fertilizer often contains phosphorous.
Nitrogen has a lower boiling point than oxygen.

7. Oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium.
Oxygen family
Family members
Oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium.
Facts
They have three nonmetals (oxygen, sulfur, selenium).
They also have two metalloids ( tellurium, polonium).
They one have six valence electrons.
Oxygen is the most abundant element on earth.
oxygen, sulfur, and selenium are essential to the human body.

8. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine.
Halogen family
Family members
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine.
Facts
They have seven valence electrons.
They are highly reactive elements.
They react with most metals.
It is also called group 7A.
They have similar chemical properties.

9. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon.
Noble gases
Family members
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon.
Fact
Its also called group 8A.
Helium has only two valence electrons.
The rest have eight valence electrons.
They are colorless odorless gas.
They are all gas elements.