1. IMPERIALISM IN THE PACIFIC Sec. 22-2 Pages 644-648 Define: Annexation – sphere of influence – Open Door policy – provisional – Great White fleet Identify: Midway Islands – Queen Liliuokalani - John Stevens – Grover Cleveland William McKinley – Samoa Islands – Boxer Rebellion - Sec. of State, John Hay Russo Japanese War – Teddy Roosevelt

2. HAWAII 1820- Missionaries set up schools 1867- Acquired Midway islands on route to China – use for refueling – fresh water supplies 1875- US allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter US without tariff – American planters got wealthy 1887- US pressured King Kalakaua to allow Pearl Harbor for US naval base 1890 – Congress revised tariff laws – no longer exempt – American planters want to make Hawaii a territory.

3. HAWAII 1891- Queen Liliuokalani on throne – Hawaiians to regain control of island 1891 – Amer. sugar planters surround palace - chief diplomat, John Stevens had marines surround island – set up provisional (temporary) government – asked Pres. Harrison to annex – did not ratify before his term was up 1893- Pres. Cleveland withdrew treaty – did not support US interference 1898- Pres. McKinley agrees to annex territory in 1900 – became state in 1959

4. SUMMARIZE What island area did the US gain on route to China to be used for refueling? What product in Hawaii did Americans want? Who refused to allow Americans to influence Hawaii? Which president would not intervene? Which president did? How did we gain Hawaii?

5. SAMOA Islands 3000 miles south of Hawaii – on trade route to Australia and New Zealand 1878 – US got port of Pago Pago – competed for trading rights with Britain & Germany 1899 – US, Britain, & Germany met in Berlin, Germany – divided up islands without consulting Samoans. US & Germany split Samoa – Britain withdrew for rights on other Pacific Islands. US annexed Samoa in 1899

6. CHINA & JAPAN IN 19 th CENTURY

7. CHINA By 1890, Japan and other European countries had carved out spheres of influences – sections of a country where one foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers. Japan – Formosa & parts of mainland Germany – Shandong in east-central China Britain & France – Hong Kong – southeast Russia – Manchuria & northern China

8. SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

9. SUMMARIZE What is a sphere of influence? What country had spheres of influence? What five countries were allowed to trade in this country? Which country didn’t have a sphere in this nation?

10. China US had no sphere – Sec. of State, John Hay wanted to expand trading rights – proposed Open Door Policy – each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations’ spheres of influence 1900- Boxer Rebellion – secret Chinese martial arts society led uprising against foreigners in Beijing (capital) International army of 25,000 defeated Chinese 2 nd Open Door Policy – Nations will respect borders and allow China to maintain independence Note: Later Chinese will believe the only way to achieve Chinese goals was to have a revolution. Sun Yat-sen will become leader in 1911 of Nationalist Party

11. JAPAN

12. 1854 – Comm. Matthew Perry opened US trade with Japan – US interested in coal 1870 – Industrialized – reluctant to borrow money – feared foreign takeovers Late 1880s – economy growing – good work force – cheap labor – new technology – strong army & navy Eager for power, Japan will try to get resources in Korea – clash with Russia over Manchuria – area rich in natural resources

13. JAPAN 1904 – Russo-Japanese War – both sides eager to make peace – resources exhausted – Pres. T. Roosevelt helped settle - wins Nobel Peace Prize for treaty Treaty of Portsmouth - Japan gains control of Korea in return pledging to stop expansion Japan will emerge stronger in naval power in the Pacific.

14. JAPAN Immigrants to US feel they are mistreated 1906 – Gentlemen’s Agreement restricts immigrants to US – US will not segregate Japanese in schools

15. Great White Fleet 1907 – Pres. T. Roosevelt sends 16 new white battleships on world tour – show US naval power to world – Japanese impressed – will resolve differences with US

16. SUMMARIZE This country had a rebellion to force out foreigners. This idea said any nation can trade in a port in China. The Treaty of Portsmouth allowed Japan to expand into this nearby territory This was Pres. Roosevelt’s show of military power to the world.