1. CJ411-Seminar 8 What are the major treatment strategies currently used for drug and alcohol abuse?

2. Unit 7 project In this project analyze a local drug use and abuse treatment or prevention program by interviewing a professional (volunteer or paid) connected with the facility. Follow the steps below to complete the assignment:

3. Mechanism of action of addictive drugs Reinforcing Hijack/change transmitters/receptors in brain Tolerance Withdrawal states

4. Overview of traditional approaches to substance use intervention and treatment World drug report distinguishes five main types of treatment biophysical pharmacological psychological therapeutic community and traditional healing

5. Principles of effective treatment Three decades of scientific research and clinical practice have yielded a variety of effective approaches to drug abuse treatment. The U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse identified the following principles of effective treatment: • No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. • • Effective treatment attends to the multiple needs of the individual, not just to substance abuse. • An individual’s treatment and service plan must be assessed continuously and modified as necessary to ensure it meets the person’s changing needs. • Remaining in treatment for an adequate time is critical. • Counselling (individual and/or group) and other behavioural therapies are critical. • Medication is an important element of treatment for many, especially when combined with counselling and other behavioural therapies. • Substance dependent or abusing individuals, with co-existing mental disorders, should have both disorders treated in an integrated way. • Medical detoxification is only the first stage of treatment and by itself does little to change long-term substance abuse. • Treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective. • Possible substance use during treatment must be monitored continuously.