1. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Admiral Zheng He 1371-1435 Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide!

3. A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492

4. Motives for European Exploration 1.Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. 2.Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3.Reformation  refugees & missionaries. 4.Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 5.Technological advances. 6.Fame and fortune.

5. Christófo Colón [1451-1506]

6. Columbus’ Four Voyages

7. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

8. European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

9. Fernando Cortés The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Montezuma II vs.vs.

10. The Death of Montezuma II

11. Mexico Surrenders to Cortés

12. Francisco Pizarro The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas AtahualpaAtahualpa vs.vs.

13. Docs. 1- 4

14. The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS

15. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

16. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

17. Slave Ship

18. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

19. African Captives Thrown Overboard

20. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

21. Sacrifice of the First-Born by Theodore de Bry

22. MercantilismMercantilism The economy and trade are essential to the health and safety of the nation. 1.Get as much gold and silver as you can. 2.Establish a favorable balance of trade. 3.Get colonies.

23. Treasures from the Americas!

24. The Colonial Class System (Encomienda System) PeninsularesPeninsulares CreolesCreoles MestizosMestizosMulattosMulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

25. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe Spanish Mission Spanish Mission

26. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

27. Father Bartolomé de Las Casas New Laws --> 1542

28. European Empires in the Americas