2. BRITAIN’S INDUSTRY In about 1790 the United Kingdom experienced the first industrial revolution. (large coal and iron ore deposits) Began with James Watt’s Steam Engine

3. Britain’s Industry Moved from manual labor and agricultural–based economy towards machine-based economy. (Industrial economy) Expansion in trade introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. Infrastructure was being improved because of these modifications. Development of mechanization of industry

4. Spread of the Revolution 1790 United Kingdom 1809 Westphalia Germany 1825 Belgium 1820’s Sweden 1870’s United States 1877 Japan 1890’s Russia

5. Effects of Industrialization Cheaper products Increased life expectancy and better education made available made the urban worker more dependent on the will of the employer than the rural worker had been. Children employed in factories and mines because they were smaller and cheaper

6. Effects of Industrialization Positive Effects Cheaper products Increased life expectancy Better education Better transportation technology –Steam Engine Negative Effects Children employed in factories and mines –they were smaller and cheaper Rapid urbanization –Shortage of housing –Large families cram into small apartments Slums

7. URBANIZATION People were moving from the rural areas to work in the factories which were all in the cities. People moved from farms to cities.

8. Pollution Massive amounts of pollution filled the air and soot covered the trees and stained the brick buildings

9. Industry’s affect on the environment Hydro-electric dams Pollution Deforestation What other ways have industry affected the environment?

10. A change in society from an agrarian (farming) culture to an industrial culture More people working and moving to the cities to work in factories Factories mass produce goods for society which makes more and cheaper products

11. The Transcontinental railroad connected the east and west coast of the United States

12. Push Factors / Pull Factors Push Factors –Bad things that push people away from someplace Pull Factors –Good things that pull people into somewhere else

13. Push Factors / Pull Factors What Push / Pull Factors caused Industrialization / Urbanization?

14. Less Developed Countries The words ‘Less Developed’ refer to the lack of developed industry in these countries. Typically less developed countries are agrarian

15. Industry continues… New technology is always being developed which allows us to adapt –Development of air conditioning –Desalinization Plants (removing salt from salt water) What other adaptations have we developed?

16. Desalinization plant in Israel Negatives: 1.Expensive to Build 2.Expensive to Maintain 3.Doesn’t always work 4.Energy Intensive 5.Emits Greenhouse Gases

17. Pros/Cons of Desalinization Pro Fresh water from salt water –Saline means salt water Desert countries can turn nearby ocean water into fresh water Con Expensive ($$$$) Uses more energy Emits greenhouse gases Can create water pollution

18. What invention benefited the Southern United States?

19. 1940 Population Density

20. 2010 Population Density