1. Agricultural Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Indicator: OECD Experience by Takeo MAKINO Directorate for Food, Agriculture, and Fisheries, OECD EEA, Copenhagen 27-28 February 2003

2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in carbon dioxide equivalent, 1995-97 CO 2 CH 4 N2ON2O Others: (HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 ) Total OECD total emissions (million tonnes) Emissions from agriculture (million tonnes) Share of agriculture (%) 11 552 (82%) 1 437 (10%) 929 (2%) 224 (2%) 14 142 59 (5%) 557 (47%) 560 (48%) 0 1 176 1 39 60 0 8

3. Main sources of Agricultural GHG (OECD countries, 1995-97) Fuel combustion (7%) Livestock enteric fermentation (33%) Livestock waste (13%) Agricultural soil (45%) Other crop sector (2%) Crop production 47% Others (fuel combustion) 7% Livestock farming 46%

4. Gross emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture % change 1990-92 to 1995-97 in CO 2 equivalent

5. GHG: Change emissions from livestock and rice production in OECD countries, 1990 to 2020

6. GHG: Related Information Capacity of agriculture in sequencing (removing) carbon in soils OECD Expert Meeting on Soil Organic Carbon Indicators for Agricultural Land (15-18 October 2002, Ottawa, Canada) Fossil fuels with biomass energy OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture (10-13 June 2003, Vienna, Austria)

7. Ammonia Emissions Share of agriculture: over 90 % Main sources in agriculture i) Livestock manure management: over 80 % Animal husbandry management Manure storage system Manure application on agricultural land ii) Inorganic fertilisers application

8. Ammonia Emissions: as acidifying pollutants

9. -50-40-30-20-100102030 % Czech Republic Hungary Poland Denmark Netherlands Austria Germany United Kingdom Luxembourg Finland EU Italy France OECD Belgium Norway Ireland United States Canada Sweden Change in ammonia emissions from agriculture: 1990-92 to 1997-99

10. Agricultural Ammonia Emissions Indicators: Future Work Country coverage: Extend to non-European countries Linkage to the nitrogen balance indicators: Agricultural ammonia emission in the context of overall nitrogen cycle “Decoupling” indicators: Environmental pressure (EP) Change in: vs. Driving force (DF) e.g. economic growth 1 - EP/DF end EP/DF start

11. Decoupling Indicators: Agricultural ammonia emissions and Livestock output Livestock output (USD) NH 3 emissions (tonnes) Index 1985-87=100