1. Section 8, Balance

2. Figure 8–1 Rudder Angle to Hold Course
Weather and lee helm, advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 8–1 Rudder Angle to Hold Course

3. Description of various forces working on a sailboat underway.
Balance—fore and aft centers of lateral wind and water forces.
Figure 8–2 Weather Helm

4. Figure 8–3 Locating Geometric Center of Effort (GCE) of a Sail
Center of effort of a single sail and of a sail plan.
Figure 8–3 Locating Geometric Center of Effort (GCE) of a Sail

5. Figure 8–4 Locating Combined Geometric Center of Effort (GCE)
Determination of the static center of effort of two interacting sails.
Figure 8–4 Locating Combined Geometric Center of Effort (GCE)

6. Define center of effort and center of lateral resistance.
Figure 8–5 Balance Relationships Between Center of Lateral Resistance (CLR) and Center of Effort (CE)

7. Figure 8–6 Yawing Moment Arm – Close Hauled

8. Figure 8–7 Yawing Moment Arm – Broad Reach
Relationship between dynamic centers of effort, lateral resistance, and boat balance.
Figure 8–7 Yawing Moment Arm – Broad Reach

9. Figure 8–8 Yawing Moment Arm – Effect of Heeling

10. Vocabulary Beat. A close-hauled course.
Bitt. A perpendicular post through the deck used for securing lines and cables.
Rake. The slope from the vertical, in the fore-and-aft direction, of a mast, transom, or deck house.
Reach. A point of sail between close-hauled and a run. Also, a distance or fetch.
Running. Point of Sailing with the wind astern.
Waterline Length (LWL). The measurement along the waterline from the point where the bow touches the water to the point where the stern emerges from the water.
Yawing Moment. A moment tending to rotate the hull about a vertical axis, usually due to disposition of the center of effort of the sails outboard of the center of resistance of the hull.

11. End of Section 8 Slides