1. Religion & Science 1450-1750 Faith vs. Reason Chapter 16 Summary: Ways of the World: A Global History

2. Historical Context

3. Globalization of Christianity

4. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther 95 Theses October 31, 1517 corruption of Catholic Church Bible the source individual interpretation

5. Western Christendom Fragmented

6. Catholic/Protestant Differences Catholic Pope supreme authority salvation through sacraments/ good works transubstantiation: bread & wine actual body & blood of Christ priests celibate; mediators between God & people Protestant Bible supreme authority salvation by faith bread & wine symbolic ministers may marry; no distinct spiritual status

7. Christianity Outward Bound

8. Spanish America

9. China & the Jesuits

10. Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions

11. Birth of Modern Science

12. The Scientific Revolution

13. The Enlightenment

15. European Science Beyond the West

16. Science in the 19 th C challenged Enlightenment thinking Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species evolution through natural selection Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto conflicts between social classes drives the process of historical change Sigmund Freud: human struggle is between irrational drives & conscience