1. Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S. Unit 1: Introduction to modern healthcare in the US The role of technology in healthcare delivery

2. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Clinical medicine The Electronic Health Record (EHR) has significant advantages over paper records: ◦ Remote access to patient data ◦ Record is legible ◦ Confidentiality is better handled than paper records ◦ Improves patient safety ◦ Integration with other resources and data ◦ Integration with decision support and knowledge-base resources Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20102

3. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Clinical medicine Some disadvantages of EHRs: ◦ Cost of installation, maintenance and upgrading ◦ Requires training and changes in clinical workflows ◦ Lack of interoperability ◦ Depersonalizes the doctor-patient relationship Advantages outweigh disadvantages? Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20103

4. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Clinical medicine Personal Health Records Patients keep their own records - idea has been around since the 1980s ◦ One study gave patients their records to read when in the waiting room ◦ Patients reacted positively ◦ Older patients tended to avoid reading their notes ◦ A few inaccuracies and unpleasant reactions but overall, not many problems Advantages ◦ Tailored information ◦ Cost (for patient and physician!) Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20104

5. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Clinical medicine Some concerns about PHRs ◦ Significant privacy concerns ◦ Who owns the data? ◦ Patient grants access – to whom? ◦ Will physicians accept access to patient information on a “need to know” basis? ◦ What does the patient do if their PHR is sold to a different entity, becomes insolvent, or ceases to exist? ◦ Will PHRs be sponsored by advertising? Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20105

6. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Clinical medicine Technology in the medical office billing software insurance claims processing accounting Computer assisted surgery CAD/CAM technology in medicine Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20106

7. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Telemedicine Telemedicine – remote delivery of healthcare using telecommunications and teleconferencing equipment Very useful where interpretation of images / visual data is required Teleradiology Teledermatology Can link doctors and patients remotely Remote patient monitoring Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20107

8. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Pharmacy Safety improvement in drug dispensing – barcodes ◦ Bar code systems can verify the patient, the medication, and the dosage ◦ In 2006 the FDA mandated that hospitals use bar codes for administering medications Clinical decision support ◦ Reminders and alerts ◦ Checks for drug-drug interactions ◦ Reviews orders, scans for inconsistencies Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20108

9. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Dentistry Electronic dental record – Similar advantages to the practice of dentistry as EMRs have to the practice of medicine Computer modeling and CAD/CAM Technology aids dental diagnosis, for example – Imaging – Use of electrical conductance properties to diagnose cavities Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 20109

10. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Radiology Advances in imaging techniques have led to incremental degrees of sophistication ◦ For example, X rays were first developed in 1895 ◦ As technology advanced, this led to computerized tomography (CAT or CT scans)–a computer processes multiple axial 2- dimensional X-ray images and generates a 3-dimensional image Other technology driven radiologic imaging methods include Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs) Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans) Radionuclide imaging techniques Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 201010

11. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Rehabilitation Rehabilitation medicine: a branch of medicine which aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities. Examples of assistive technology ◦ Audio books and text-to-speech ◦ voice recognition software ◦ Prosthetics ◦ Wheelchairs and ambulatory devices Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 201011

12. Role of technology in healthcare delivery: Healthcare education Expert systems help in developing diagnostic reasoning skills Online resources provide a readily available knowledge base that can be accessed on- demand Simulation technology helps in training Component 1 / Unit 1 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 201012

13. END OF UNIT 1