1. Beyond Darmstadt(ium) - Status and Perspectives of Superheavy Element Research recent results from SHIP (GSI) synthesis and identification of SHE nuclear structure – decay spectroscopy at SHIP ER-  -  (-  ) correlations synthesis and identification of SHE LBNL back on the track LISE at GANIL - another "new player" exciting results from GARIS at RIKEN technical development and future plans (and wishes) beam intensity (accelerator) target development... (SHIPTRAP  poster by M. Block et al., #4 Tuesday) checking the "hot fusion" approach of Dubna (see also Vladimir Utyonkovs talk)... Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

2. GSI/SHIP Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

3. known CN 277 112 273 110 269 Hs 265 Sg 261 Rf 257 No 11.45 MeV 280  s 11.08 MeV 110  s 9.23 MeV 19.7 s 4.60 MeV (escape) 7.4 s 8.52 MeV 4.7 s 253 Fm 8.34 MeV 15.0 s Date: 09-Feb-1996 Time: 22:37 h 277 112 70 Zn 208 Pb 277 112 n kinematic separation in flight identification by - correlations to known nuclides Synthesis and Identification of SHE at SHIP Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

4. 208 Pb region der spherically shell stabilised nuclei („island of stability“) region of deformed shell stabilised nuclei around Z=108 and N=162 at GSI: Elements 107-112 first synthesised and unambiguously identified 107 – Bh 108 – Hs 109 – Mt 110 – Ds Shell Correction Energies E shell in the Region of Superheavy Elements P. Möller et al. name for element 111 accepted by IUPAC: Röntgenium – Rg IUPAC decision in May 2004 Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

5. 1 st Experiment 1996: E * = 10 MeV 1 event 277 112 CN 273 110 269 Hs 265 Sg 261 Rf 257 No 11.45 MeV 280  s 17.85 mm 11.08 MeV 110  s 17.77 mm 9.23 MeV 19.7 s 17.81 mm 4.60 MeV (escape) 7.4 s 17.57 mm 8.52 MeV 4.7 s 17.96 mm 253 Fm 8.34 MeV 15.0 s 17.91 mm Date: 09-Feb-1996 Time: 22:37 h 277 112 CN 273 110 269 Hs 265 Sg 261 Rf 11.17 MeV 1406  s 26.03 mm 11.20 MeV 310  s 26.01 mm 9.18 MeV 22.0 s 26.16 mm 0.2 MeV (escape) 18.8 s 27.33 mm Date: 05-May-2000 Time: 18:12 h 153 MeV 14.5 s 26.70 mm 2 nd Exp. in May 2000: E * = 10 MeV and 12 MeV 1 event Cross section values:  (E * =10 MeV) = 0.4 pb  (E * =12 MeV) = 0.5 pb +0.9 -0.3 +1.1 -0.4 Confirmation of Element 112 Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 confirmation by SHE-chemistry  Heinz Gäggeler's talk

6. Search for element 113 September/October 2003: 70 Zn + 209 Bi  279 113* projectiles: current: 0.5 particle  A dose: 7.4 x 10 18 E beam: 5.020 AMeV target: composition:C - 209 Bi 2 O 3 – C  g/cm 2 :40 – 408/462 – 10 (Bi/Bi 2 O 3 ) SHIP efficiency:50% cross section:  (1 event):0.23 pbarn  limit :0.43 pbarn Search for Element 113 Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

7. Cross Section Systematics Cold fusion (GSI)  based on Pb and Bi targets Hot fusion (JINR)  based on actinide targets 1 pb Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 Surprising high cross-sections (0.5 – 5 pb) for synthesis of spherical SHE

8. Reaction Mechanism Studies Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 Excitation functions for Z  104 cross section [pbarn] CN 258 Rf 266 Hs 259 Db 267 Mt 272 Ds 273 111 278 112 262 Sg new data for 262 Sg* (May/June 2003) fit well in the systematics E*-E bin (xn) [MeV] after subtraction of E bin (xn) maxima coincide E* [MeV] cross section as a function of the E* 1n 2n 3n Bass contact point

9. Decay Spectroscopy Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

10. ER-- Spectroscopy behind SHIP Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 high eff.   15%

11. Nuclear Structure of the Heaviest Nuclei: ER-- Coincidences: 255 Rf/ 253 No F.P. Heßberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 12, 57-67 (2001) Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

12. 54 Cr + 208 Pb  / nb E* / MeV 1n 2n 3n E  / keV counts / 5 keV E  / keV ER -  –  ER -  54 Cr + 208 Pb 261 Sg 9401(15) 9460(20) 9558(6) 9531(6) 9598(20) Rf K  1 Rf K  2 107.8(8) 261 Sg 257 Rf 9401(5) 9460(20) 9531(6) 9558(6) 9598(20) >156 E  = 107.8(8) IC 0 Rf: B K = 156 keV  108 Nuclear Structure of the Heaviest Nuclei I: ER-- Coincidences: 261 Sg B. Sulignano/B. Streicher – Ph.D. Thesis (work in progress) Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

13. 270 Ds 266 Hs 262 Sg The even-even isotope 270 Ds

14. S. Ćwiok and P.-H. Heenen 162 [725] 11/2- [615] 9/2+ [613] 7/2+ 1.34 MeV I = 10 - 162 [725] 11/2- [615] 9/2+ [613] 7/2+ 1.31 MeV I = 9 - Fermi level neutrons K-Isomer and Tentative Decay Scheme for 270 Ds S. Hofmann et al., Eur. Phys. J. A10 (2001) tentative decay scheme 270 Ds 266 Hs Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

15. LBNL/BGS

16. SHE Synthesis at BGS/LBNL courtesy of K. Grogorich and C. Folden Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

17. Trendlines are intended to guide the eye only. 64 Ni + 208 Pb  271 Ds + n C.M. Folden, TASCA04 workshop, GSI, August 27 th 2004 64 Ni + 208 Pb  271 Ds + n

18. 272 111 decay chain 65 Cu + 208 Pb  272 111 + n:  (321.1 MeV) = 1.7 pb 65 Cu + 208 Pb  272 Rg + n C.M. Folden, TASCA04 workshop, GSI, August 27 th 2004 Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 +3.9 -1.4

19. Measured an excitation function for 64 Ni + 208 Pb  271 Ds + n Measured for the first time 65 Cu + 208 Pb  272 Rg + n Measured an excitation function for 55 Mn + 208 Pb  262(m) Bh + n Unsuccessful attempt to reproduce (DUBNA) 48 Ca + 238 U  283 112 + 3n  limit  1 pbarn 65 Cu + 208 Pb  272 Ds + n C.M. Folden, TASCA04 workshop, GSI, August 27 th 2004 Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

20. GANIL/LISE Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

21. D6 : LISE (Fulis) Synthesis of SHE Spectroscopy after  decay Wien Filter LISE3 Rotating target Detection setup Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 experimental areas SHE Studies at the LISE Wien Filter/GANIL Courtesy of Christelle Stodel, GANIL

22. Tests of small cross sections in cold fusion reactions Experiment E369: 54 Cr + 208 Pb  261,260 Sg(106) + 1n, 2n Rejection =1.7 10 10 Ch. Stodel, GANIL, Caen, France - The Future of Superheavy Elements, GSI - February 17th 2004 dec. 2000 10(1) events corresponding to the 1n(2n) channel (known with decay chains)  det = 0.85   trans (LISE) ~ 15% 1n 2n Preliminary results SHE Studies at the LISE Wien Filter/GANIL Courtesy of Christelle Stodel, GANIL Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

23. 58 Fe + 208 Pb  265 Hs(108) + 1n 3 incident beam energies (equal to GSI) 500 pnA Beam suppression > 2*10 10 Transmission = 15-20 % 253 No 265 Hs 261 Sg 257 Rf 10.31-10.58 // 10.68 MeV 1.55 ms // 1.5 ms 9.56 // 9,64 MeV 230// 70 ms 8.715 // 8,63 MeV 4.3 // 0,45 s 8.01 // 8,14 MeV 1.7 mn // 15,7 s  82%  + 18% Réf // GANIL Events collected in the implantation detector without conditions in anti-coincidence with TOF SHE Studies at the LISE Wien Filter/GANIL Courtesy of Christelle Stodel, GANIL Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

24. Search for 283 114 E440 2nd part - Nov 2003 - 1 beam energy, E = 5.02 MeV/A - large intensity: new method developed by Ion Source Group > 1pµA - very good rejection factor (low background) > 10 11 - good behavior of targets ( 420  g/cm 2 ) - 3  and 4  chains of actinides (transfer products). - sensitivity : 1 event = 0.6 pb - beam dose =5*10 18 76 Ge - no event attributed to 283-114  cross section < 1.2 pb in energy range 274.5-278.5 MeV c.m. unless decays (  or spontaneous fission) within 3 µs 76 Ge + 208 Pb  283 114 + 1n Ch. Stodel, GANIL, Caen, France - The Future of Superheavy Elements, GSI - February 17th 2004 SHE Studies at the LISE Wien Filter/GANIL Courtesy of Christelle Stodel, GANIL Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

25. RIKEN/GARIS Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

26. SHE Synthesis at GARIS/RIKEN K. Morita et al.

27. Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 272 110 271 110 267 Hs 263 Sg 259 Rf 255 No 251 Fm 255 Md 11 22 33 44 55 208 Pb + 64 Ni → 271 Ds + n SHE Synthesis at GARIS/RIKEN K. Morita et al. 11 10 9 9 9 9 98 8 8 7 11 22 33 44 55 11 10 8 8 E  (MeV) 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 Counts/100keV 11 22 33 44 55 T decay Counts/bin 0 1000s 10s0.1s1ms 5 0 5 1000s 10s0.1s1ms 1000s 10s0.1s1ms 1000s 10s0.1s1ms 1000s 10s0.1s1ms 5 0 5 0 5 0 10  s ab  =2.9ms  =120ms  =77ms  =1.0s  =3.7s  =220s 0 13 2 11 nGSI s ms possible improved confirmed improved T 1/2 nRIKENNuclei +3.8 -0.38 0.801 267m Hs +13 - 8 5212 267 Hs +56 -21 693 271m 110 +0.44 -0.29 1.6311 271 110 240 314 MeV=Eopt(cm) MeV=Eopt( 64 Ni) Summary of 208 Pb + 64 Ni → 271 110 + n reaction

28. RIKENGSI Nuclei n T 1/2 EE E fiss. n T 1/2 E  MeV 272 111 14 3.8 +1.4 - 0.8 ms10.2~11.56 6 1.6 +1.1 -0.5 ms10.8~11.05 268 Mt 14 21 +8 - 5 ms9.4~10.77 6 42 +29 -12 ms10.1~10.3 264 Bh 14 0.89 +0.31 - 0.19 s8.86~9.83 208 206 6 1.0 +0.7 -0.3 s9.1~9.6 260 Db 12 5.7 +2.3 - 1.3 s8.35~9.4 231 6 2.6 +1.8 -0.8 s9.1~9.2 256 Lr 8 18 +10 - 5 s8.35~8.65 4 33 +27 -10 s8.4~8.5 Eopt( 64 Ni)=319MeV Eopt(cm)=244MeV Summary of 209 Bi + 64 Ni → 272 111 + n reaction Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 SHE Synthesis at GARIS/RIKEN K. Morita et al.

29. Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

30. period9/5/2003 ～ 12/29/2003 Beam Energy5.03 AMeV 348 MeV at target half depth Total Dose1.21x10 19 Target Thickness1.37x10 18 /cm 2 (0.48 mg/cm 2 )  _GARIS0.8(assumption)  (1-ev.)7.5x10 -38 cm 2 upper limit (1  )1.38x10 -37 cm 2 Irradiation time1390 Hours(58 Days / 74 Days) Beam Intensity2.42x10 12 /s(0.4 p-  A) Summary of 209 Bi + 70 Zn experiment Search for 113 as of February 2004 K. Morita - "Future of SHE" workshop - GSI – February 2004 Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

31. First Observation of 278 113 in Cold Fusion at GARIS K. Morita et al., in print JPSJ (Journal of the Physical Society of Japan) Vol. 73 (2004) Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

32. SHE Synthesis – Status September 2004 GSI RIKEN Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 Ds 282 FLNR

33. GSI/SHIP Developement Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

34. projectile 5 AMeV 10 -6 particle A scattered beam other reaction products evaporation residues 0.1 AMeV – 1 AMeV pbarn (1ER/10d) – mbarn (some kHz) } 50 Hz (SHE) - n x 100 Hz 1 beam development:- higher beam current DC-accelerator - better target illumination (rectangular profile) 2 target development:- cooling - chemical compounds - e-beam diagnosis 3 background reduction:- degrader foils - ionoptics SHIP Development Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

35. New RFQ-structure: gain of the duty factor higher injection energy increased acceptance Additional 28 GHz-ion-source: intensity gain of factor two higher charge states for increased duty factor LEBT – Laminated magnets: redundance for ion sources preparation for future pulse to pulse operation with different ion-species 50% duty factor  intensity-gain factor x2 New Front-end for the High Charge State Injector Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

36. dc beam 1 < A/q < 7 E beam : 4-7.5 MeV/u E beam <  3keV/u Intensity gain: Duty cycle 30%100%3.5 28 GHz ECR-source (sc)2-10(?) increased stability (65%  85)% 1.3 shorter shutdowns (107 d/y  47 d/y)1.2 Total gain11-55(?) normal conducting super conducting super conducting Project for a Superconducting CW-linac U. Ratzinger et al. University of Frankfurt Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

37. heat power deposit 3.3 W/cm 2 rotation speed 6.25 Hz vacuum0.6 mbar He heat power deposit 7.9 W/cm 2 rotation speed 6.25 Hz Target cooling – Infrared Snapshots Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

38. Problem: low melting points o Pb 327.5°C o Bi 271.3°C Alternative: chemical compounds Pb: oPbS1130°C Bi: oBi 2 O 3 820°C Target Development – Chemical Compounds Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

39. target wheel Faraday-cup e - gun collimator reference grid ion beam deflector 0 10 20 e - Beam Diagnosis R. Mann (patent # DE 102 42 962 A1) Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04

40. SHE Synthesis – Open Tasks GSI RIKEN Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04 48 Ca + 238 U – actinide targets 50 Ti,... 70 Zn + 208 Pb – confirmation of 112 70 Zn + 209 Bi – confirmation of 278 113 Ds 282 FLNR physics localization of the region of spherical shell-stabilized SHE “Dubna-challenge” (  Vladimir Utyonkov's talk) nuclear structure and reaction mechanism systematics technology efficiency upgrade (cw-linac (!!?)) mass measurement/determination employment of all available technology (ER-α correlations, chemistry, traps,...) future: “rare isotopes”? – yes for systematic investigations (nuclear structure & reaction mechanism) - maybe(?) for SHE synthesis (low beam intensity!!!)

41. GSI:The collaboration S. Hofmann F.P. Heßberger R. Mann G. Münzenberg (Univ. Mainz) P. Kuusiniemi (Postdoc) B. Sulignano (Ph.D. student) D. A. (Univ. Mainz) B. Lommel (targetlab) B. Kindler (targetlab) H.-G. Burkhard (mechanics) H.-J. Schött (electronics) JINR-FLNR Dubna, Russia: O.N. Malyshev A.G. Popeko A.V. Yeremin University Bratislava, Slovakia Š. Šaro S. Antalic (Ph.D. student) B. Streicher (Ph.D. student) University Jyväskylä, Finland: M. Leino J. Uusitalo The SHIP group Dieter-Ackermann_GSI/University_of_Mainz_-_ENAM04