1. Goal 1 Review What you MUST know about the Foundations of America

2. Types of Governments Anarchy = lack of government/ chaos Representative Democracy = people elects others to make decisions on there behalf Direct Democracy = all people vote on all issues Theocracy = government controlled by religion Dictatorship = government controlled by one person, often by force and fear

3. Documents to Know Magna Carta = limited the power of the monarch/ established rule of law Virginia House of Burgesses = established representative democracy in the colonies Mayflower Compact = established direct democracy in the colonies English Bill of Rights = further limited the power of the British monarch

4. Documents to Know cont’d Declaration of Independence = officially declared the colonies as free and independent/ based on John Locke’s Natural Rights Theory Articles of Confederation = first constitution of the United States

5. Enlightenment Philosophers John Locke = Natural Rights theory/ god given rights that can not be taken away i.e. life, liberty, and property Montesquieu = need government to be separated into three branches of government to keep one branch from being too powerful

6. Enlightenment Philosophers cont’d Hobbes = people need government Voltaire = separation of church and state is necessary Rousseau =Social Contract Theory/ when people decide to live together in society they give up rights in order to get protection of society

7. Colonialism Mercantilism = economic theory of selling more then you buy (make $$$$) Exploited colonists Colonists were resentful of being exploited Hurt colonial economy Benefitted England by increasing their profits Bought from colonists for cheap and sold to colonists for increased prices

8. Colonialism cont’d New England Colonies Primary economic activity = shipbuilding Settled by Puritans and other religious dissenters Very religious region Life based around church Used town meetings as a form of direct democracy Meetings held after church

9. Colonialism cont’d Middle Colonies Good farming Settled by Dutch and Quakers

10. Colonialism cont’d Southern Colonies Primary economic activity = agriculture Plantation system Used slave labor Cash crops = crop grown primarily for sale rather than for farmers own use Triangular Trade = transatlantic trade of rum for slaves for rum/molasses

11. Religious Dissenters Jews = Rhode Island Catholics = Maryland Anglicans = Virginia Quakers = Pennsylvania Puritans = Massachusetts

12. French and Indian War France and England competing for power Indians side with French French lose British gets all land from Appalachian Mountains to Mississippi River British have HUGE war debt Colonists have to pay

13. British Acts Navigation Acts = colonists can only transport good on British ships Proclamation of 1763 = colonists could not moves west of Appalachian Mountains b/c of “savage Indians” / really just so British could maintain control Stamp Act = tax on paper goods to pay for war debt from French and Indian War Townshend Act = tax on paper, tea, lead, paint, and glass

14. British Acts cont’d Tea Act = tax on tea/ created a monopoly for tea trade for East India Company Led Sons of Liberty to throw tea into Boston harbor in the Boston Tea Party Coercive/ Intolerable Act = punishment for Boston Tea Party/ locked down Boston and took away colonial rights

15. Causes of American Revolution Taxation = pay war debt from French and Indian war/ no representation in Parliament/ unfair and caused colonial resentment Thomas Paine’s Common Sense = pamphlet that convinced many colonists to favor independence British Acts = frustrated colonists and caused colonial resentment towards British government

16. Road to the Constitution First Continental Congress = sent list of grievances to King George III/ set up boycotts of British goods Lexington and Concord = “Shot Heard Round the World” / started America Revolution Second Continental Congress = decided to declare independence Declaration of Independence = declare US a independent nation/ written by Thomas Jefferson/ based on ideas of John Locke

17. Articles of Confederation First Constitution of the United States Ineffective form of government Congress had no power to tax or enforce laws Congress could only ask for things, not demand Needed 9 of 13 to pass a law Needed 13 of 13 to change Articles No executive No judicial system State taxes were very heavy State and federal governments had debts from Revolutionary War

18. Articles of Confederation cont’d Northwest Ordinance Strength of Articles of Confederation Established procedure for admitting new states to the Union