1. Ecology Quiz Review

2. Empty slide to keep flashcards in order

3. What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?

4. What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?
ECOLOGY

5. Name the levels of organization of living things from smallest to biggest.

6. What is… Organism Species Population Community Ecosystem Biome
Biosphere
Species
Organism

7. What is an organism?

8. What is an organism?
One member of a species

9. What is a species?

10. What is a species?
An organism that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

11. What is a population?

12. What is a population?
Why are you looking at us?
Organisms of the same species living in the same area.

13. What is a community?

14. All the different types of living things in an area
What is a community?
All the different types of living things in an area

15. What is an ecosystem?

16. All the living (biotic)and non-living (abiotic) things in an area
What is an ecosystem?
“Abiotic”
Non-Living
Sun
Water
Soil
“Biotic”
Living
Trees
Ducks
Fish
All the living (biotic)and non-living (abiotic) things in an area

17. What is a biome?

18. Group of ecosystems with same climate, same types of living things
What is a biome?
Group of ecosystems with same climate,
same types of living things
(plants and animals)

19. What is the biosphere?

20. What is the biosphere?
All the areas of the Earth (above, on, below surface) that contains living things

21. ______ is where an organism lives and gets its needs met?
(example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

22. Habitat is where an organism lives and gets its needs met?
(example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

23. ______________ is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

24. CLIMATE is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

25. What make their own food?

26. PRODUCERS
AUTOTROPHS
(PLANTS!)

27. What need to find and eat food?

28. What need to find and eat food? Heterotrophs - Consumers
Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore
Decomposers Scavengers

29. What do each of these consumers eat?
Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore

30. What do each of these consumers eat?
Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore
Eats only meat
Eats only plants
Eats meat and plants

31. What digests and absorbs nutrients from decaying organisms?

32. DECOMPOSERS
(Mushrooms, Bacteria)

33. What is an organism that eats already dead animals?

34. We really need to thank the lions for killing our meal!
Scavengers
Vultures & Hyenas

35. What provides almost all the energy in ecosystems?

36. What provides almost all the energy in ecosystems?
THE SUN!!!!

37. What is this structure called?
Name and describe each trophic level.
How much energy is transferred from lower level to next?

38. Carnivores & Omnivores (eat Herbivores) & Omnivores
What is this structure called?
Energy Pyramid
Name and describe each trophic level.
See labels
How much energy is transferred from lower level to next?
10%
Carnivores & Omnivores
Carnivores
(eat Herbivores) & Omnivores

39. What is this called?

40. Food Chain
Linear
Loss of one organism disrupts the chain

41. What is this called?
Why does the arrow point towards the consumer?

42. Food Web Shows the transfer of energy from one organism to another.
Arrow points to mouth that does the eating.
One loss of organism does not disrupt the entire web.

43. Biotic
Factor means…
Abiotic

44. Biotic factor means…
Living factors that affect the environment or a population. Examples: disease, predators, prey
Abiotic factor means…
Non-living factors that affect the environment or a population.
Examples: wind, hurricane, tornado, flood

45. What is the human factor?

46. A factor caused by human actions such as pollution, all trees cut down, global warming, making a park, or over hunting that affect the environment or a population.

47. ____________ is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship)
Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

48. Niche is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship)
Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

49. Organisms depending on each other
_____?______
Organisms depending on each other

50. SYMBIOSIS Organisms depending on each other
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Predation

51. ___________ is when both organisms help each other (+/+)
Ex: Bee & Flower
Lichen (algae/fungus)

52. Mutualism is when both organisms help each other (+/+)
Ex: Bee & Flower
Lichen (algae/fungus)

53. _______ is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (+/0) (harmed or helped)
Ex: Bird nest/Tree
Barnacle/Whale

54. Commensalism is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (harmed or helped)
(+/0)
Ex: Bird nest/Tree
Barnacle/Whale

55. Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)
_________ is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed
(+/-)
Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host)
Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

56. Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)
Parasitism is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed
(+/-)
Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host)
Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

57. What is predator vs. prey?

58. What is predator (lynx that kills) vs. prey (rabbit that gets killed)
(+/-)
“Predation”

59. Be able to describe each Biome: Tropical Rainforest

60. Tropical Rainforest: BIODIVERSITY Found along the __________________
Temperature, rainfall (250cm/yr), humidity
Very high ___________________
EQUATOR
BIODIVERSITY

61. Temperate Deciduous Forest

62. Temperate Deciduous Forests
leaves
Trees drop _________ in the fall
4 Seasons
Forests of maples, beeches, oaks…..
N. America, Europe, Asia
Plant Adaptations
Broad, thin leaves with large surface areas for maximum light absorption
Animal Adaptations
High Biodiversity
Most birds migrate to warmer climates
Some mammals drastically reduce their metabolic rate in the winter (hibernation)

63. Taiga
TAIGA

64. Northern coniferous forests (Pine Trees) Canada
Taiga
Northern coniferous forests
(Pine Trees)
Canada
Long cold winter months
Short growing seasons enhanced by constant sunlight.
Snow / precipitation

65. Temperate Grasslands

66. Temperate Grasslands Fires Main vegetation Grasses
Very fertile soil, little rainfall
________________ common
Few trees can survive
Root system is dense to protect from droughts
Few large herbivores
Underground Burrows
Fires

67. Deserts

68. Less than 25 cm rainfall per year
Deserts:
Less than 25 cm rainfall per year
Spines to protect against predators – Cactus
Estivation summer sleep
Nocturnal – Awake during night/sleep during day
Absorb water from food.

69. Tundra

70. Permafrost Tundra: Treeless Mosses and lichen covered rocks
_____________ permanently frozen layer of ground 6 in below the surface
Treeless
Mosses and lichen covered rocks
Short and woody plants
Reproduce quickly in brief summer
Migratory birds
Reindeer and caribou move to find food
Small rodents burrow underground

71. ________ __________ is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

72. Primary Succession: is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

73. ________ _____ is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re-grows into a forest again.

74. Secondary Succession is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re-grows into a forest again.

75. Which type of vegetation represents a climax community?
A B C D

76. Which type of vegetation represents a climax community?
Largest Mature Trees
A B C D

77. Be able to:
Explain what carrying capacity is
Determine the carrying capacity of population
Explain what factors (biotic, abiotic, human) cause increases and decreases in a population

78. Keep studying until you get every question correct!