2. 1 So you are studying for your exam: Genetic Engineering So you are studying for your exam: Genetic Engineering Disclaimer: This is a REVIEW of key points and Learning Target concepts of the unit and is based on the premise of prior learning of the unit. It is not meant as a stand-alone teaching lesson. On each slide CLICK the audio icon for slide narrated explanation, otherwise refer to associated slide notes. Each slide has its own audio file associated with it. On each slide CLICK the audio icon for slide narrated explanation, otherwise refer to associated slide notes. Each slide has its own audio file associated with it.

3. Genetic Engineering: Changing and adding genes to an organism’s DNA to give it new traits Clone genes not whole organisms Genetic Engineering: Changing and adding genes to an organism’s DNA to give it new traits Clone genes not whole organisms How and why can we do this? DNA is UNIVERSAL! DNA – 4 common nucleotides (A,T,G,& C) DNA – Common double helix structure RNA – Common 4 nucleotides (A, U, G, & C) Codons – code for 20 common amino acids the make proteins 2

4. Clone: genetically identical copy of a gene or an organism Clone: genetically identical copy of a gene or an organism Cloning occurs in nature: 3

5. Cloning mammals – more difficult Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Haploid nucleus removed from unfertilized egg gamete cell Diploid nucleus from somatic cell inserted into the egg cell Stimulated (chemicals and electricity) to go through mitosis and start dividing Embryonic bastocyst (mass of cells) implanted in uterus Develops into cloned offspring 23 46 4

6. Rainbow – Somatic cell DNA CC – Cloned/Carbon Cat Allie – Surrogate mom Egg donor– Anonymous Many Factors affect gene expression – Epistasis, Inactivation, Methylation, … Epigenetics 5

7. Genetic engineering is based on: Recombinant DNA Genetic engineering is based on: Recombinant DNA 6

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9. Transgenic plants are common in agriculture: 8 http://webertube.com/mediadetails.php?mid=8468&