1. Renal System Allissia, Andre, Jessica

2. Warm-up Based off of the following diagram, tell your shoulder partner what you already know about the Renal system Based off of the following diagram, tell your shoulder partner what you already know about the Renal system –When finished, label diagram on your handout..

4. What is it? Primarily functions to excrete nitrogen containing wastes from the body. The majority of these wastes arise from the break down of proteins and amino acids, as the amino acids are metabolized, ammonia (NH3) is produced. Primarily functions to excrete nitrogen containing wastes from the body. The majority of these wastes arise from the break down of proteins and amino acids, as the amino acids are metabolized, ammonia (NH3) is produced.

5. Essential Question Why is the renal system important to understand for Vet-tech? Why is the renal system important to understand for Vet-tech?

6. Why is it important? Helps to diagnose diseases Helps to diagnose diseases –Parvovirus  viral disease that causes severe vomiting and diarrhea in dogs Can determine whether the disease is acute (short term/ sudden onset) or chronic (long term) Can determine whether the disease is acute (short term/ sudden onset) or chronic (long term) –Get info from urine samples

7. Renal System Structures Ureter  a pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Ureter  a pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Urinary bladder  a singular hollow muscular organ that holds urine Urinary bladder  a singular hollow muscular organ that holds urine Urethra  a tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body Urethra  a tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body Urine  the end product Urine  the end product Kidney  Located in the dorsal part of the abdomen, produces urine. Kidney  Located in the dorsal part of the abdomen, produces urine.

8. Kidneys Kidneys are the main part of the renal system Kidneys are the main part of the renal system –Produce urine, filters waste out of the blood. blood delivers nutrients to the body blood delivers nutrients to the body Chemical reactions occur in the cells of your body breaking down nutrients Chemical reactions occur in the cells of your body breaking down nutrients waste is the result of these chemical reactions waste is the result of these chemical reactions –Kidneys get rid of these wastes

9. Urinary Incontinence Urinary incontinence  leakage of urine at inappropriate times Urinary incontinence  leakage of urine at inappropriate times Caused by a lack of bladder control. Caused by a lack of bladder control. –Involuntary –More common in females Can be caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain and spinal cord that control bladder function Can be caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain and spinal cord that control bladder function

10. Gout Gout  painful disease resulting from high serum levels of uric acid Gout  painful disease resulting from high serum levels of uric acid Uric acid comes from the breakdown of substances Uric acid comes from the breakdown of substances –Occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing the inflammation and intense pain

11. Mastitis Mastitis  infection of the mammary gland Mastitis  infection of the mammary gland –usually occurs as an immune response to bacterial invasion of the teat by variety of bacterial sources present on the farm Most commonly found in dairy cattle Most commonly found in dairy cattle

12. How can we detect these issues? Urinalysis  evaluation of urine Urinalysis  evaluation of urine Specific gravity  weight of a liquid as compared with distilled water Specific gravity  weight of a liquid as compared with distilled water –Refactometer  instrument that measures specific gravity Free catch urine  urine caught outside of the body while the animal urinates Free catch urine  urine caught outside of the body while the animal urinates Skin turgor  measure of hydration which tests how quickly the skin returns to its normal position after being pinched Skin turgor  measure of hydration which tests how quickly the skin returns to its normal position after being pinched Serum  clear yellow substance obtained when separating blood components Serum  clear yellow substance obtained when separating blood components

13. Symptoms Loss of appetite, and increased thirst are signs of chronic renal failure Loss of appetite, and increased thirst are signs of chronic renal failure Azotemia  elevation of urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood Azotemia  elevation of urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood –Uremia  clinical signs associated with azotemia Azotemia can result from dehydration Azotemia can result from dehydration

14. Terminology Dorsal  toward on or in the back Dorsal  toward on or in the back Retro  behind Retro  behind Ventral  below Ventral  below Intravenous  in the vein Intravenous  in the vein Subcutaneous  under the skin Subcutaneous  under the skin Spayed  indicates a female animal with reproductive organs removed Spayed  indicates a female animal with reproductive organs removed

15. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1 wrTgE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1 wrTgE