1. ANALOGIES

2. Gain a deeper understanding of a new word by comparing it to related words. An ANALOGY is a comparison of two words or phrases that suggest a similarity between them. For example, HAPPY is to SAD as SERIOUS is to COMICAL. Happy is the opposite of sad; serious is the opposite of comical. The relationship between each pair of words is the same.

3. To Answer Questions About Analogical Statements, Follow These Steps:

4. Step 1: Figure out the relationship between the pair of words in question. Are they synonyms or antonyms? EXAMPLE: Read the following sentence. Now when I had mastered the language of this water and had come to know every minute feature that bordered the great river as familiarly as I knew the letters of the alphabet, I had made a valuable acquisition. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO GIVEN WORDS?

5. Step 2: Using the given words, create a sentence that defines the relationship. A sentence for the previous example might be--- EXAMPLE: Minute is the opposite of Valuable.

6. Step 3: Select the answer choice that best fits in the sentence you have created. Plug the answer choices into the following sentence: ____________ is the opposite of ___________. Now when I had mastered the language of this water and had come to know every minute feature that bordered the great river as familiarly as I knew the letters of the alphabet, I had made a valuable acquisition. A. Minute is to small as valuable is to minor. B. Minute is to unimportant as valuable is to significant. C. Minute is to beautiful as valuable is to lovely. D. Minute is to amazing as valuable is to astonishing.

7. REMEMBER: Eliminate any choices that don’t make sense in the sentence. Then select the answer choice that creates a relationship that is closest to that of the first pair of words. Try every choice; don’t just stop when you find one that looks good. If you find two choices that seem plausible, pick the one that creates the relationship closest to that of the first pair of words.

8. Examples: Minute: Hour:: Once : Pound Relationship : Part to whole Fork:eat::Shovel:hole Relationship: Object to function

9. Relationships Seen in Analogies Part to Whole Cause to Effect Antonyms Synonyms Definitions Item to category Object to Use Product to Producer

10. GUIDED PRACTICE 1. Ostentatous:Showy::Summit: Top (Synonym) A.Flamboyant B.Energetic C.Successful D.Argumentative

11. 2.Impound:Seize::Represent:Portray (Synonym) A.unravel B.Confiscate C.Resemble D.Break

12. 3.Contaminated:Pure:: Indomitable : Feeble (antonym) A. Rhythmic B. Weak C. Clean D. Unconquerable

13. Shark: Scavenger:: Spider: Carnivore (item to category) A. eater of plants B. Eater of plants and meat C. Eater of Vegetables D. Eater of Meat