1. Fairfax County Vehicle Emissions Reduction Program April 5, 2004 James D. Gorby, Director Department of Vehicle Services

2. It’s all about... HeirQuality

3. Background Background Ozone non-attainment area Ozone non-attainment area Projected PM non-attainment area Projected PM non-attainment area Prior interest in alternative fuels Prior interest in alternative fuels Grant opportunities Grant opportunities

4. Components Hybrid drive vehicles Hybrid drive vehicles Early introduction of ULSD Early introduction of ULSD Diesel exhaust opacity testing Diesel exhaust opacity testing Diesel engine retrofits Diesel engine retrofits Favor procurement of low-emissions HDDE Favor procurement of low-emissions HDDE Continue evaluations of alternative fuels Continue evaluations of alternative fuels

5. Hybrids Toyota Prius Toyota Prius  2002/2003 Compact sedan  2004 Mid-size sedan Emissions 90% lower than average new car Emissions 90% lower than average new car Replacing cars, light trucks, small vans Replacing cars, light trucks, small vans Other hybrids when available and suited to a mission need Other hybrids when available and suited to a mission need

6. ULSD Mandated highway fuel late 2006 Mandated highway fuel late 2006 Introducing early for Introducing early for  Experience  DPFs on Fairfax Connector (transit) buses  Minor PM benefit (5%) on other diesels Use in all diesel applications Use in all diesel applications Issues Issues  Availability  Cost

7. Diesel exhaust opacity testing Measures density of exhaust smoke Measures density of exhaust smoke Does not tell us what pollutants are present Does not tell us what pollutants are present Indicator of condition of the engine Indicator of condition of the engine Confidence that engine performing properly Confidence that engine performing properly Tests to date show no maintenance problems Tests to date show no maintenance problems

8. Diesel retrofits School buses (DOC, plus some ECM reprogramming) School buses (DOC, plus some ECM reprogramming) Other transit buses (DPF) Other transit buses (DPF) Other highway engines Other highway engines Off-road equipment Off-road equipment Stationary engines Stationary engines

9. School bus retrofits 2-year program 2-year program 436 AmTrans (’99-’03) -- ECM + DOC 436 AmTrans (’99-’03) -- ECM + DOC  Reduce NOx 25%, CO 25%, PM 10% 565 others (’89-’04) -- DOC 565 others (’89-’04) -- DOC  Reduce HC 50%, CO 40%, PM 20% Not included: Not included:  188 Cat 3116 (’97-’98) delivered with DOC  328 with <3 years remaining life Lessons learned document Lessons learned document

10. Favor lower emissions engines Required ’04-compliant engines in ’03 Required ’04-compliant engines in ’03  Declined certified, non-compliant engines Will require ’07-compliant engines beginning in 2007 Will require ’07-compliant engines beginning in 2007  Some certified engines will be unacceptable n Phase-in n Averaging, banking, and trading n Non-compliance penalties Expect to pay premium Expect to pay premium

11. Next steps Evaluate technologies for next phase Evaluate technologies for next phase  After-treatments  Fuel additives Determine sequence of retrofits Determine sequence of retrofits Continue evaluation of alternative fuels Continue evaluation of alternative fuels Evaluate light diesels (cars) Evaluate light diesels (cars) Evaluate emerging hybrids Evaluate emerging hybrids Provide information for other fleets Provide information for other fleets