1. Chapter 20 Global Climate Change

2. Climate Change Terminology  Greenhouse Gas  Gas that absorbs infrared radiation  Positive Feedback  Change in some condition triggers a response that intensifies the changed condition  Infrared Radiation  Radiation that has a wavelength that is longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves  Greenhouse Effect  Increase of heat in a system where energy enters (often as light), is absorbed as heat, and released sometime later

3. Introduction to Climate Change  "Scientific evidence for warming of the climate system is unequivocal." - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change  IPCC Climate Report  http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-TS_FGDall.pdf http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-TS_FGDall.pdf  http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=climate+change+bbc+attenborough&FORM= HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=F8657BC6542C701ABE80F8657BC6542C701ABE80 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=climate+change+bbc+attenborough&FORM= HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=F8657BC6542C701ABE80F8657BC6542C701ABE80 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=climate+change+bbc+attenborough&FORM= HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=F8657BC6542C701ABE80F8657BC6542C701ABE80

4. Evidence of Climate Change http://climate.nasa.gov/  Spring in N. hemisphere now begins 6 days earlier

5. Evidence of Climate Change   Sea level rise

6. Evidence of Climate Change   Global temperature rise

7. Evidence of Climate Change   Warming oceans

8. Evidence of Climate Change   Shrinking ice sheets Flowing meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet

9. Evidence of Climate Change   Declining Arctic sea ice

10. Evidence of Climate Change   Glacial retreat

11. Evidence of Climate Change   Extreme events

12. Evidence of Climate Change   Ocean acidification

13. Introduction to Climate Change: Mean Annual Global Temperature 1960–2007

14. Causes of Climate Change  Greenhouse gas concentrations increasing

15. Causes of Climate Change  Increased concentration of CO 2  Burning fossil fuels in cars, industry and homes  Deforestation  Burning of forests

16. Greenhouse Effect

17. Pollutants That Cool the Atmosphere  Atmospheric Aerosols  Both human and natural sources  Tiny particles that remain in troposphere for weeks or months  Often contain sulfur  Complicates models of climate change

18. Climate Models  Climate affected by:  winds, clouds, ocean currents, and albedo  Advanced models can project future warming events  Models have limitations

19. Effects of Global Climate Change  Wildfire in California

20. Effects of Global Climate Change: 1. Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels Sea level rise caused in 2 ways 1. Thermal Expansion 2. Melting of land ice  Melting has positive feedback  Increased melting decreases ice, which decreases albedo leading to further warming

21. 1957 1998 Glacier National Park Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels

23. Impacts in Fragile Areas  Eskimo Inuit  Climate change isaltering their existence  Wildlife displaced  Reduced snow cover and shorter river ice seasons  Thawing of permafrost (right)  Tuvalu- threatened by permanent flooding on their island

24. Effects of Global Climate Change: 2. Changing Precipitation Patterns  Some areas will get more water, some areas will have greater droughts

25. Effects of Global Climate Change: 3. Effects on Organisms  Zooplankton in parts of CA have decreased by 80% since 1951  Effecting entire food chain  Decline in krill around Antarctica  Species have shifted their geographic range  Migrating birds are returning to summer homes earlier

26. Effects on Organisms: Coral Reefs  Coral reefs can be bleached (right) due to increase in water temperature

27. Effect on Organisms: Vegetation

28. 4. Effects on Human Health  Increased number of heat-related illnesses and deaths

29. 5. Effects on Agriculture  Difficult to anticipate  Rise in sea level will inundate farmland  Pests?  Warmer temperatures will decrease soil moisture- requiring more irrigation  Location where certain crops can be grown may change

30. International Implications of Climate Change  Developed vs. Developing countries

31. Dealing with Global Climate Change Two ways to manage climate change 1. Mitigation: Limiting greenhouse gas emissions to moderate global climate change 2. Adaptation: Learning to live with environmental changes and societal consequences brought about by global climate change

32. Relationship Between Mitigation and Adaptation

33. Dealing with Global Climate Change: Mitigation  Locate/invent alternative fuels to fossil fuels  Increase efficiency of cars and trucks  Carbon Capture and Storage  Plant and Maintain trees to naturally sequester carbon

34. Dealing with Global Climate Change: Adaptation  Rising sea levels and coastal populations  Move inland  Construct dikes and levees  Adapt to shifting agricultural zones  NYC sewer line

35. International Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission  Kyoto Protocol  Legally binding  Provides rules on reducing greenhouse gases  US and Australia have not sign it - it will be difficult to implement without US backing

36.   Chapter 21: Global Climate Change Climate Crisis Network http://www.climatecrisis.net/takeaction/ http://www.climatecrisis.net/takeaction/   Goddard Institute for Space Studies: Surface Temperature Analysis http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/   United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/   US Global Change Research Program http://www.globalchange.gov/ http://www.globalchange.gov/   Pew Center on Global Climate Change http://www.pewclimate.org/ http://www.pewclimate.org/   World View of Global Warming - The Photographic Documentation of Climate Change http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/glaciers.html http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/glaciers.html