1. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 5 Ethical Concerns in Research

2. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Basics in Ethics Examples of unethical conduct in research Regulation of research and protection of research participants Scientific misconduct in reporting

3. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Examples of unethical conduct Nazi Germany experimentation during World War II –freezing experiments –malaria experiments –high-altitude experiments Tuskegee syphilis study in Alabama

4. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Regulation Ethics: description of human behavior as right or wrong Situational ethics: “it depends” 1947 Helsinki Declaration Belmont Report (1979)

5. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Belmont Report Current federal regulations 1.Respect for persons 2.Beneficence 3.Justice

6. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46) DHHS regulations made into law Stipulates that protocols must be reviewed by Institutional Review Board (IRB) Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) –provides educational materials

7. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Informed consent Subjects made fully aware of nature and purpose of research project Consent is voluntarily given Participant has legal capacity to give consent Responsibility for obtaining consent rests with researcher

8. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Vulnerable groups Children Prisoners Pregnant women

9. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Privacy and Confidentiality – capacity of individuals to control when and under what conditions others will have access to their behaviors, beliefs, & values – ability to link information or data to a person’s identity

10. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Research Involving Animals Similar institutional review boards to approve protocols Training courses for all personnel using animals for research

11. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) 1.Subject risk minimized 2.Subject risk reasonable to benefits 3.Selection of subjects is equitable 4.Informed consent is obtained 5.Informed consent is documented 6.Research plan provides for monitoring safety of subjects 7.Steps are taken to protect privacy and maintain confidentiality

12. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Disclosure of Research Findings Published reports must be credible Misconduct –fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or other practices in proposing, conducting, or reporting research –retaliation against a person who reports suspected misconduct and who has not acted in bad faith

13. Chapter 5 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Plagiarism – presentation of ideas or works of others as your own without giving credit Authorship – should be limited to those who have made significant contribution to the research