1. FAMILIES AND PERIODS The Periodic Table

2. Mendeleev Protons hadn’t been discovered in my time, so I didn’t know about atomic number. I arranged the elements by atomic mass. I’m Henry Mosley, and changed that in 1913, and reordered the table according to atomic number. What does this # represent?

3. Answer  Number of Protons and Electrons in that element!

4. Atomic Structure Elements are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells around the nucleus of an atom. First Shell Maximum 2 electrons Second Shell Maximum 8 electrons Third Shell Maximum 8 electrons

5. Mendeleev Periodic table The periodic table arranges all the elements in groups according to their properties. Vertical columns are called GROUPS There are 18 groups Groups are also called Families

6. H HeHeHeHe Li BeBeBeBeBCNOF NeNeNeNe NaNaNaNa MgMgMgMgAlSiPSClAr K CaCaCaCaFeNi CuCuCuCuZnBrKr AgAgAgAgIXe Pt AuAuAuAu HgHgHgHg The Periodic Table Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell. These are called valence electrons. All group 1 metals have 1 electron in their outer shell These elements have 8 electrons in their outer shell These elements have 3 electrons in their outer shells

7. H HeHeHeHe Li BeBeBeBeBCNOF NeNeNeNe NaNaNaNa MgMgMgMgAlSiPSClAr K CaCaCaCaFeNi CuCuCuCuZnBrKr AgAgAgAgIXe Pt AuAuAuAu HgHgHgHg The Periodic Table Since they have the same number of valence electrons, all of the elements in the same group have similar PROPERTIES. This is how I thought of the periodic table in the first place. Consider the group 1 metals. They all: 1)Are soft 2)Can be easily cut with a knife 3)React with water

8. Mendeleev Periodic table The periodic table also arranges the elements in rows, or periods according to the number of energy levels. Horizontal rows are called PERIODS There are 7 periods

9. Check for understanding  The vertical columns on the periodic table are called _____________.  Elements in this vertical columns have __________ properties.  The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called ____________ and are organized by ___________________.

10. Mendeleev  The first element in a period is usually an active solid, and the last element in a period is always an inactive gas. Elements in a period are NOT alike in properties.

11. H HeHeHeHe Li BeBeBeBeBCNOF NeNeNeNe NaNaNaNa MgMgMgMgAlSiPSClAr K CaCaCaCaFeNi CuCuCuCuZnBrKr AgAgAgAgIXe Pt AuAuAuAu HgHgHgHg The Periodic Table Most of the elements are metals: These elements are metals This line divides metals from non-metals These elements are non-metals

12. Warm Up 9/24  What is a valence electron?  The vertical columns on the periodic table are called: _______________  Describe the characteristics of a (answer above) Where are metals located on the periodic table? Nonmetals?

13. Physical properties of metals  Atoms packed together closely.  Layers of atoms can slide over one another  Malleable (bendable)  Ductile (stretchable)  Conduct heat and electricity  Usually have high melting and boiling points  Exceptions: Mercury and Group I metals.

14. Physical properties of metals  They have metallic lustre (they’re shiny)  They are sonorous (make a ringing sound when hit)  All except mercury are solids at room temperature  Only a few metals are magnetic.  Magnetism is not a property of most metals!

15. Check for understanding  What is the scientific term for bendable?  What is the scientific term for stretchable?

16. very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature softer than most other metals can explode if they are exposed to water ALKALI METALS

17. Group 1: Alkali Metals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk Li Na K Rb Cs

18. very reactive not found free in nature ALKLINE EARTH METALS

19. ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field. TRANSITION METALS

20. OTHER METALS are ductile and malleable are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque

21. NON- METALS not able to conduct electricity or heat very well very brittle, cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets usually exist as gases, sometimes as solids (such as carbon), and bromine is a liquid have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

22. HALOGENS "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts" exist in three states of matter: Solid - Iodine, Astatine Liquid - Bromine Gas - Fluorine, Chlorine

23. HALOGENS The halogens are non- metals They all have seven electrons in their outer shell this makes them very reactive since they only have to gain one more electron to fill their outer shell. Unlike Group One the elements get less reactive as you go down the group

24. Group 17: The Halogens  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4 F Cl Br I

25. NOBLE GASES do not form compounds easily have filled outer energy levels

26. Group 18: The Noble Gases  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLrofyj6a2s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLrofyj6a2s He Ne Ar Kr Xe

27. Metalloids Metalloids are a group of elements that exhibit Properties of both metals and non-metals. Stair-step pattern divides metals(left) and non- metals(right)

28. Check for understanding  On the periodic table, where are metals located?  Where are non-metals located?  What is a metalloid?

29. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS many are man-made

30. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS Broken into two groups. Lanthanides Actanides

31. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS Lanthanides- Top row. non-radioactive metals used in making glass

32. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS Actanides – Bottom row Radioactive Expensive - $$$ Found only in trace amounts

33. Your Task Today!  Create a Key on your periodic table to help you understand the different groups.  Create a colored box and provide a title for that group.  Write a brief description of the group  Ie: a Dark blue box = Alkali Metals – Very reactive, one valence electron, become more reactive as we go down the family, soft metals, react with water.