1. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Groups and Organizations

2. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Bell Work Grab books And Note sheets in back Read opening story up to Social Groups ALL GRADE STUFF FOR SR.’S IS IN: –CHECK IT SO YOU SEE WHAT IS DUE BY MAY 10 TH JR’S: YOU WILL EITHER START A NEW CHAPTER/TEST –OR- WATCH MOVIES AND DO DISCUSSIONS –THIS IS YOUR CHOICE, BASED ON BEHAVIOR AND TURNING IN OF STUFF!!

3. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Social Group Two or more people who identify and interact with one another. Not every collection of individuals forms a group. Many people with a status in common– women, homeowners, soldiers, millionaires, college graduates, and Roman Catholics–aren’t groups but categories.

4. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Not Quite a Social Group Crowd –Temporary cluster of people –A group can have temporal status A crowd can become a group, then a crowd again. –A large gathering of people at a football game –A crowd that begins to riot might be considered a group.

5. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Primary Groups Traits –Small 1.Personal orientation Share activities, spend time together 2.Enduring Members think of it as end in itself rather than means to end Primary relationships 1.Family First group experienced in life 2.Members viewed as unique and irreplaceable Small social groups whose members share personal, lasting relationships.

6. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Secondary Groups Traits  Large membership (impersonal)  Goal or activity orientation –Formal and polite Secondary relationships  Weak emotional ties  Short term Examples –Co-workers and political organizations A large, impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity.

7. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Group Leadership Read Section Two roles –Instrumental: Task-oriented –Expressive: People-oriented Three leadership styles –Authoritarian: Leader makes decisions; Compliance from members –Democratic: Member involvement –Laissez-faire: Mainly let group function on its own

8. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Lesson Closing Group Activity –4 people will be told to perform/demonstrate a leadership style Others in the group have to guess independently Start Video: Groups Task #1 –Write vocabulary definitions Social groups, primary group, sec. group, Instrumental/expressive leadership

9. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Bell Work Get Books Read: All of Group Conformity Section Take notes along w/ slides Watch videos and pay attention

10. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Group Conformity Studies Asch’s research –Willingness to compromise our own judgments –Line experiment: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYIh4MkcfJA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYIh4MkcfJA Milgram’s research –Role authority plays –Following orders http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcvSNg0HZwk –Negative side of groupthink Groupthink: Tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue

11. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Reference Group Stouffer’s research –We compare ourselves in relation to specific reference groups. In-groups and out-groups –Loyalty to in-group –Opposition to out-groups A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

12. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Group Size The dyad –A two-member group –Very intimate, but unstable given its size The triad –A three-member group –More stable than a dyad and more types of interaction are possible

13. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Lesson Closing Task #2 in folders Complete Your Turns on pages 170 and 173 Can complete these tasks while finishing “The Way We Live: All Together: Groups & Organizations”

14. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Bell Work Get Books and Folders –GET STARTED RIGHT AWAY!!

15. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Social Diversity: (Read) Race, Class, and Gender Larger groups turn inward. –Members have relationships between themselves. Heterogeneous groups turn outward. –Diverse membership promotes interaction with outsiders. (other groups)  More Social parity= forming more ties w/ diverse backgrounds Physical boundaries create social boundaries. –If segregation of groups takes place, the chances for contact are limited. Networks (facebook, myspace, twitter) –Web of weak social ties, people we know of or who know of us

16. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Formal Organizations Utilitarian –Material rewards for members Normative –Voluntary organizations –Ties to personal morality Coercive –Punishment or treatment –Total institutions Large secondary groups organized to achieve goals efficiently; date back thousands of years.

17. TASK #3 Your Turn on pg. 176 Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

18. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Bureaucracy Max Weber’s six elements to promote organizational efficiency: –Specialization of duties –Hierarchy of offices –Rules and regulations –Technical competence –Impersonality –Formal, written communications An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

19. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Organizational Environment 1.Economic and political trends 2.Current events 3.Population patterns 4.Other organizations  Informal side of bureaucracy –In part, informality comes from the personalities of organizational leaders. Factors outside an organization that affect its operation:

20. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Problems of Bureaucracies Bureaucratic alienation –Potential to dehumanize individuals Bureaucratic inefficiency and ritualism –Preoccupation with rules, interferes with meeting goals Bureaucratic inertia –Perpetuation of the organization Oligarchy: The rule of the many by the few Helps distance officials from the public. Michels: Concentrates power and threatens democracy

21. Lesson Closing Task #4 –Complete In the times pg. 180 Videos –http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/daniel_gole man_on_compassion.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/daniel_gole man_on_compassion.html –http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/22http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/22 Work on organizing Presentation INFO!!!! Sr.’s you’ll be starting in the sign-up order on FRIDAY May 6th Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

22. Bell Work Get books/folders: Videos from Thurs. http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/daniel_golema n_on_compassion.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/daniel_golema n_on_compassion.html Task #5 –Think of how your job is designed, just write any rules, regulations, codes, anything that is expected of you? –Maybe even your overall job description Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

23. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. The Evolution of Formal Organizations Scientific Management Application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or large organization 1. Identify tasks and time needed for tasks 2. Analyze to perform tasks more efficiently 3. Provide incentives for worker efficiency *Now look at Task #5 and tell me if your job does this

24. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. New Challenges to Formal Organizations Race and gender Challenges –Pattern of exclusion –“Female advantage” Challenges Abroad: Japanese organizations –Value cooperation –Organizational loyalty Changing nature of work –Information-based organizations –Creative autonomy, competitive work teams, flatter organization, and greater flexibility

25. U.S./Japan Differences Hiring and Advancement –Hire in groups w/same salary/resp. Lifetime security –Hired workers for life to foster loyalty Holistic Involvement –Became involved in family functions Broad-Based Training –Trained workers in all phases Collective Decision Making –Included workers in decision making Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

26. Lesson Closing Video –http://fora.tv/2007/02/16/Social_Entrepre neurship_and_Corporate_Responsibilityhttp://fora.tv/2007/02/16/Social_Entrepre neurship_and_Corporate_Responsibility Finish Video Lecture while working on Review –http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/22http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/22 Reading Quiz #2 open Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

27. Bell Work Task #6 Applying Sociology –Pg.186 Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

28. Ways Org.’s Differ from a century ago Have gone from producing things to information 1.Creative Autonomy 2.Competitive Work teams 3.A flatter organization 4.Greater Flexibility Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

29. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. McDonaldization of Society Efficiency: Do it quickly Calculability: Measuring everything, part of efficiency Uniformity: Leave nothing to chance Control: Humans are most unreliable factor Each principle limits human creativity, choice, and freedom. Weber: Rational systems are efficient but dehumanizing.

30. Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Future of Organizations: Opposing Trends Post-industrial economy has created many highly skilled jobs and more routine jobs Movement toward more creative freedom for highly skilled information workers Movement toward increased supervision and discipline for less skilled service workers

31. Lesson Closing Video –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xxtRvc 8ixAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xxtRvc 8ixA –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyHvm0 3Kt_Ihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyHvm0 3Kt_I Review –http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/22http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/22 Note Quiz on Quia: Thursday Sociology, 12 th Edition by John Macionis Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.