1. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 1 Making Decisions and Solving Problems Chapter 5

2. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 2 The Role of the Leader and Manager in Making Decisions and Solving Problems

3. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 3 Decision-Making  A purposeful and goal-directed effort using a systematic process to choose among options

4. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 4 Problem-Solving  A process of focusing on an immediate problem to create resolution between the gap of “what is” and “what should be.”

5. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 5 Decisions and Problems BOTH REQUIRE THINKING CRITICALLY!

6. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 6 Decision Models  Two types of decisions  Satisficing (good enough)  Optimizing (best possible)

7. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 7 Decision-Making Styles  Autocratic  Decide and announce  Democratic  Group input

8. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 8 Using the Group  Criteria  The decision must be of high quality.  All who are responsible for the implementation must accept the decision.

9. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 9 Arriving at A Good Decision  Information is factual, complete, and relevant.  Decision-makers processed the data.  The decision is defensible.  Benefits outweigh liabilities and risks.  There is a fit between the decision and the original need.

10. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 10 Key Problem-Solving Questions  Is it important?  Is it mine?  Am I qualified?  Do I have the authority?  Do I have the resources?  Can I delegate it?  What are the benefits of solving the problem?

11. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 11 Not My Problem  Options  Ignore  Refer  Delegate  Consult  Collaborate

12. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 12 Decision-Making Process  Define the problem.  Gather data.  Analyze data.  Develop possible solutions.  Select a solution.  Implement the solution.  Evaluate the result.

13. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.Slide 13 Conclusion Making decisions and solving problems are not the same processes. However, both involve critical and creative thinking and are focused on answers that are either the best possible or good enough for the question under consideration.