1. BIOMOLECULES

2. Biologically Important Molecules  Biomolecules are biologically important molecules.

3. DEFINITIONS  Biomolecules are molecules found in living things.  Biomolecules are also called  organic compounds because they contain the element carbon and  macromolecules because they are large molecules.

4. DEFINITIONS CONT’D  Monomer – one unit  Polymer – many repeating units

5. THE FOUR BIOMOLECULES  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Lipids  Nucleic acids

6. CARBOHYDRATES  Monomer: monosaccharide (glucose)  Polymers: disaccharide (sucrose) polysaccharide (starch, cellulose)  Function: store energy, building blocks for other molecules  Found in: potatoes, bread, fruit, vegetables, soda

7. Carbohydrate Monomer - Glucose

9. PROTEINS  Monomer: amino acid (20)  Polymer: Polypeptide  Functions: form bones and muscle, transport substances into and out of the cell, movement, protection against disease, to speed up chemical reactions  Found in: meat, legumes, nuts, diary products

10. Protein Monomer – Amino Acid

11. LIPIDS  Monomers: Glycerol plus fatty acids  Polymers: Fats, waxes, oils, steroids  Functions: stores large amounts of energy, provides insulation, solubility of fats, and waterproofing  Found in: red meat, cheese, dairy, potato chips

12. Lipid Monomer – Glycerol + fatty acids Fatty acid Glycerol

13. NUCLEIC ACIDS  Monomer: nucleotide  Polymer: DNA and RNA  Function: carries hereditary information (DNA), carries the instructions for the making of proteins (RNA)  Found in: all cells

14. Nucleic Acid Monomer -Nucleotide

15. DNARNA

16. Enzymes

17. ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS  Chemical reactions break and form in reactants to form new bonds in products. CO 2 + H 2 O → H 2 CO 3  Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed to get the reaction started (activation energy).activation energy

18. ENZYMES LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY

19. ENZYMES The shape of the enzyme must match the shape of the substrate in order for the enzyme to work, like a key must fit a lock.

20. ENZYMES  A change in pH or high temperatures will change the shape of the enzyme, which causes the enzyme not to work. No longer a lock and key fit.

21. LIFE WITHOUT ENZYMES Without enzymes, chemical reactions in living things would occur too slowly. Living things would die without them.