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Aquatic Ecology: Biodiversity in Aquatic Systems
G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 12th Edition Chapter 7 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College
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Key Concepts Factors that influence aquatic systems
Saltwater life zones Freshwater life zones Human activities that affect aquatic systems
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Aquatic Environments: Types, Components, and Limiting Factors
Marine systems Mangroves Coral reefs Rivers Lakes Freshwater systems Plankton Nekton Benthos Euphotic zone Dissolved oxygen Fig. 7.2, p. 153
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Saltwater Life Zones Coastal zone Estuaries Coastal wetlands Mangroves
Intertidal zones Barrier islands
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Ocean Zones High tide Depth in Sun meters Low tide Open Sea
Coastal zone Estuarine Zone Continental shelf Open Sea Sea level Sun Euphotic Zone Bathyal Zone Abyssal Zone Slope Depth in meters 50 100 200 Photosynthesis 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 10,000 Darkness Fig. 7.5, p. 156
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Coral Reefs Producer to primary consumer Primary to secondary
Gray reef shark Green sea turtle Sea nettle Fairy basslet Blue tangs Brittle star Banded coral shrimp Sergeant major Parrot fish Hard corals Algae Phytoplankton Symbiotic algae Zooplankton Sponges Bacteria Moray eel Black basslet Coney Producer to primary consumer Primary to secondary Secondary to higher-level All consumer and producers to decomposers Fig. 7.13, p. 163
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Freshwater Life Zones Standing water Flowing water Sunlight Painted
turtle Green frog Pond snail Blue-winged teal Muskrat Plankton Northern pike Bloodworms Yellow perch Diving beetle Littoral zone Limnetic zone Profundal zone Benthic zone Fig. 7.14, p. 165
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Types of Lakes: Oligotrophic
Sunlight Limnetic zone Profundal zone Sand, gravel, rock bottom Oligotrophic Lake Sparce fish population Low concentration of nutrition and plankton Narrow littoral zone Steeply sloping shorelines Little shore vegetation Fig. 7.15, p. 166
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Types of Lakes: Eutrophic
Sunlight Much shore vegetation High concentration of nutrition and plankton Wide littoral zone Limnetic zone Dense fish population Gently sloping shorelines Salt, sand, clay bottom Eutrophic Lake Fig. 7.15b, p. 166
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Seasonal Changes in Lakes
Epilimnion Epilimnion Hypolimnion Thermocline Summer Fall overturn 22˚ 20˚ 18˚ 8˚ 6˚ 5˚ 4˚C 0˚ 2˚ 4˚ Winter Spring overturn Dissolved O2 concentration High Medium Low Thermocline Hypolimnion Fall overturn Spring overturn Fig. 7.16, p. 167
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River Systems Runoff Drainage basin Watershed Floodplain Water
Sediment Lake Glacier Rapids Waterfall Tributary Flood plain Oxbow lake Salt marsh Delta Ocean Deposited sediment Transition Zone Flood-Plain Zone Rain and snow Source Zone Fig. 7.17, p. 168
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Inland Wetlands Prairie Pothole Cypress swamp Freshwater marsh
Fig. 7.19, p. 170
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Sustainability of Aquatic Life Zones
Coral reef destruction Loss of biodiversity Pollution Sedimentation Renewability Natural purification
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