1. Accident Investigation Massachusetts Trade Self-Insurance Group, Inc. S afety A wareness F or E veryone from Cove Risk Services

2. What is an Accident? An unintended happening, mishap Most often an accident is any unplanned event that results in personal injury or in property damage The failure of people, equipment, supplies or surroundings to behave or react as expected

3. Accident Investigation Will determine the “how” and “why” of failures Examine possible corrective action Aid in the accident prevention and elimination of a clearly identified hazard Most important – Investigation is not intended to place blame

4. Be Prepared Designate an investigator (or a team) –This should be one of this persons key responsibilities –Should have a good working knowledge of operating procedures Be equipped with the right tools to do the job thoroughly

5. Record the Facts Interview witnesses as soon as possible Record all necessary information at the accident scene before any changes are made –Take photos (camera or camera phone) –Record measurements Gather support documents such as maintenance records, employee records, production schedules, training documents and records, or process diagrams

6. Record the Facts Keep all notes and remarks in a bound notebook or three ring binder Record: –Pre-accident conditions –Accident sequence –Post-accident conditions Document victim location, witnesses, equipment, machinery, energy sources and other contributing factors

7. Record the Facts Even the most insignificant detail may be useful Document and then document some more The investigator should be concentrating solely on the investigation at hand

8. Interviewing Excellent source of first hand knowledge May present pitfalls in the form of: –Bias –Perspective –Embellishment It is important to maintain a clear thought process and control of the interview

9. Interviewing Get preliminary statements as soon as possible from all witnesses Locate the position of each witness on a master chart (including the direction of view) Explain the purpose of the investigation (accident prevention) and put each witness at ease.

10. Interviewing Let each witness speak freely and take notes without distracting the witness (use a tape recorder only with consent of the witness) Use sketches and diagrams to help the witness Emphasize areas of direct observation and label hearsay accordingly Record the exact words used by the witness to describe each observation

11. Interviewing Word each question carefully and be sure the witness understands Identify the qualifications of each witness (name, address, occupation, years of experience, etc.) If they wish, supply each witness with a copy of their statements (signed statements are desirable)

12. Problem Solving Techniques This technique emphasizes change to correct the problem Examine the differences between the norm and what actually happened Consider all problems to result from some unanticipated change Analyze the changes to determine its cause

13. Use the following steps in this method: –Define the problem (What happened?) –Establish the norm (What should have happened?) –Identify, locate, and describe the change (what, where, when, to what extent) –Specify what was affected –Identify the distinctive features of the change –List the possible causes –Select the most likely causes Problem Solving Techniques Change Analysis

14. Problem Solving Techniques Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is part of many existing accident prevention programs In general, JHA breaks a job into basic steps, and identifies the hazards associated with each step as well as prescribing controls for each hazard A JHA is a chart listing these steps, hazards, and controls Review the JHA during the investigation if a JHA has been conducted for the job involved in an accident Perform a JHA if one is not available to determine the events and conditions that led to the accident

15. Investigation Report An accident investigation is not complete until a report is prepared and submitted to the proper managers

16. Investigation Report Background Information –Where and when the accident occurred –Who and what were involved –Personnel and other witnesses Account of the Accident (What happened?) –Sequence of events –Extent of injury –Accident type –Source

17. Investigation Report Discussion (Analysis of the Accident – HOW & WHY) –Direct causes (energy sources; hazardous materials) –Indirect causes (unsafe acts and conditions) –Basic causes (management policies; personal or environmental factors)

18. Investigation Report Recommendations (to prevent a recurrence) for immediate and long-term corrective actions –Engineering Controls –Administrative Controls –PPE

19. Accident Scenario Joe, a Truck Driver, strained his knee after slipping and falling while getting out of the cab of his truck. What questions need answering?

20. Some Questions Where did this happen? What time of year is it (is this normal)? What time/shift? How did he get out of the cab? What kind of surface do the steps have? When were they last inspected for integrity and structural uniformity? What are the normal inspection and maintenance procedures? Does this current procedure make sense? Was he trained how to use 3-points of contact? If yes, when? Is the training effective? Why or why not? Has his practices ever been observed before (when on company property)? Are handles in appropriate spots for the driver to grab? Has this been inspected in the past? When? Is disciplinary action necessary? For him or anyone else? Are new procedures necessary? Refresher training needed?

21. Potential Corrective Actions Develop a policy and procedure for inspecting and maintaining the step/stair treads for all trucks. Repair or replace any treads that are not safe. Provide more handles as needed for the driver to grab when exiting or entering the cab. Re-train all drivers on proper used of 3-points of contact when getting in/out of cab. Mandate this practice through the development of a policy. Implement a slip-resistant work boot policy. Improve awareness for all drivers via posters, mailers, handouts, etc. as to hazards and what the new procedures are. Observe drivers when they return to the property. Praise employees for following expected procedure as trained. If training program on 3-points of contact already existed, discipline the driver for failure to follow the company procedure. Discipline future failure of compliance with this policy. Document this action. Address accountability in the injured driver’s performance review.

22. Any Questions ?? Massachusetts Trade Self-Insurance Group, Inc. S afety A wareness F or E veryone from Cove Risk Services