1. Psychology in AI Artificial thinking, Structure of Intelligence,Personal Constract Psychology (PCP), Jakub Jura jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz http://users.fs.cvut.cz/~jurajaku/ing-psych/ info@psychoterapie-jura.cz Philosophy Neuroscience Linguistics Anthropology Psychology Artificial Intelligence Engineering Psychology

2. What the Intelligence is? Ability to adapt, to shape and to select an environments. Higher form of organisation of cognive processes (J. Piaget). General mental capacity of an individual consciously to adjust his thinking to new requirements of environment (W. Stern). Intelligence is aggregate or global capacity of an individual to act purposelly, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environements (D. Wechsler).

3. Structure of Intelligence Gardner multiple Intelligence 1.Linguistic intelligence 2.Logical-mathematical intelligence 3.Musical intelligence 4.Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence 5.Spatial intelligence 6.Interpersonal intelligence 7.Intrapersonal intelligence

4. Guilford model Structure of intellect Factor analysis –operations –contents –products http://www.alsi.net/Learning/Styles.htm figural Operations dimension Cognition - The ability to understand, comprehend, discover, and become aware of information. Memory recording - The ability to encode information. Memory retention - The ability to recall information. Divergent production - The ability to generate multiple solutions to a problem; creativity. Convergent production - The ability to deduce a single solution to a problem; rule-following or problem-solving. Evaluation - The ability to judge whether or not information is accurate, consistent, or valid. Content dimension Figural - Concrete, real world information, tangible objects -- things in the environment. It includes visual: information perceived through seeing; auditory: information perceived through hearing; and kinesthetic: information perceived through one's own physical actions. Symbolic - Information perceived as symbols or signs that stand for something else, e.g., Arabic numerals, the letters of an alphabet, or musical and scientific notations. Semantic - Concerned with verbal meaning and ideas. Generally considered to be abstract in nature. Behavioral - Information perceived as acts of people. (This dimension was not fully researched in Guilford's project, remains theoretical, and is generally not included in the final model that he proposed for describing human intelligence.) Product dimension Units - Single items of knowledge. Classes - Sets of units sharing common attributes. Relations - Units linked as opposites or in associations, sequences, or analogies. Systems - Multiple relations interrelated to comprise structures or networks. Transformations - Changes, perspectives, conversions, or mutations to knowledge. Implications - Predictions, inferences, consequences, or anticipations of knowledge.

5. Analytical giftedness Practical giftedness (street smarts ) Creative giftedness Sternberg Triarchic inteligence theory Intelligence is a mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one’s life. Componential –Metacomponents managing our mind / homunculus. –performance components perceiving problems perceiving relations between objects applying relations to another set of terms –knowledge-acquisition components obtaining new information selectively choosing information selectively combine the various pieces of information Experiential - – how well the task perform – Novelty X Automation Practical (contextual) –adaptation shaping selection Fit to environment

6. Artificial Intelligence (Behavioral) The ability of a computer or other machine to perform actions thought to require intelligence. (Bionics) Artificial Intelligence is the study of human intelligence such that it can be replicated artificially.

7. AI Domains and problems Deduction, reasoning, problem solving Knowledge representation Planning Optimalisation (Machine) Learning (ML) Natural language processing Artificial Live (AL) Knowledge and expert systems (ES)

8. AI Tools and Methodes ANN Logic Fuzzy logic Semantic networks State space search (GPS) Frames

9. Artificial and natural Neuron

10. Artificial and natural Neural Network Classification, recognition

11. Mental Association Law A – Primary (J. Lock) –(1) law of Similars (connecting what is identical or similar); –(2) law of Contrast (connectiong what is sharply different); –(3) law of Coadjacency (connecting what is near and soon.). Spojovaný obsah 1 (myšlenka, představa…) Spojovaný obsah 2 (myšlenka, představa…) Asociace

12. Association experiment C. G. Jung 100 words Proband say first ideas Time is registered The associations are analysed

13. Association network Make a assotiation network ! Start on the blank paper by the arbitrary word. And connecting and connectng. Work spontaneously.

14. George Kelly (1905 - 1967) Personal construct theory Personal Construct –Usefull concept, convenient fiction, transparent template. Way of description, evaluation, interpretation and explanation of the world. REP - role construct repertory test.A person’s processes are psychologically channelized by the way in which he anticipates events.

15. Personal Construct Our constructs determine our subjective reality.

16. REP Test Ideogrammic map of the the individual systém of the constructs. Choice 5 persons which is significant for you. Father, mother, brother/sister, friend, partner, teacher, chief, schoolmate etc. … me ;) Minimal context method – triad of compared elements (objects). First pole is created on the basis of similarity and the second one on the principle of contrast.

17. Properties of the constructs Permeability – is possible to use tahem to any others objects? Transmittableness - are comprehensible to the others? Situatednes – determine by the situation Shallow – e.g. Eye colour Vague – e.g. Is fine.

18. Creative moments in PCT Loosening Tithening

19. Osgood’s Semantic Diferencial SD is the instrument for the measuring of a connotative meaning of concepts. Evaluation – Potency – Activity This subject is … ? -3-20123-3-20123-3-20123-3-20123 Good Quick Ugly Blunt Solid Bad Slow Pretty Sharp Liquid

21. Automatic vs Controled Processes