2. FrontPage: Take a FP sheet. What do you think is happening? Homework: No homework

3. Colonization and Control Of India From First Contact to Total Control

4. “First Contact”  1498 – Portugal’s Vasco de Gama reaches the coast of India – Portuguese build trading empire on Asian coast – For 100 years, Portugal had a virtual monopoly (complete control over a market) on trade with India Finally, in 1600’s Dutch, British and French “get in the game”

5. The B ritish E ast I ndia C ompany  In the year 1600, Britain establishes the BEIC to carry on trade with India – Builds ports at many important coastal cities – Will play a large role in the history of India

6. The Mughals and the Europeans  At first, the Mughals did not see the Europeans as a threat… Europeans had few goods the Indians wanted Europeans desired the cotton, silk and tea of India  As Mughal power declines, Indian princes again set up their own kingdoms They come into conflict with each other; Euro’s encourage (“divide and conquer”) Europeans use this power vacuum”to encroach on the land of India

7. East India Company Rule  1700’s - British and French fill the vacuum and fight for control of India – In the 1760’s Britain emerges victorious and becomes the sole trading power in India  British government allows the BEIC to “carry the ball” in India (1760’s – 1858) – BEIC essentially controls areas of the subcontinent for the British government

8. Areas of British Control

9. Effects of BEIC Control (1760’s – 1858)  Over time, the policies and actions of the BEIC begin to build resentment from among the Indian people  Grievances of Indians against BEIC – Outlawed sati, a Hindu religious practice – High taxes collected by BEIC angered farmers – Resent efforts of missionaries to convert them from Islam/Hinduism to Christianity – Dislike foreign influence in general

10. The Sepoy Rebellion (1857)  Sepoy – name given to an Indian in the British army  Around 1857, events occur which lead to uprising against BEIC – Rumors begin that new rifle cartridges are greased with pork/beef fat This is sacrilegious to Muslims and Hindus  Also, a law is passed requiring Sepoys to serve overseas – Hindus believe that if they travel overseas, they will lose caste **Thus, in 1857 revolt breaks out around Delhi…

11. The Attack of Mutineers, July 30, 1857

12. The Aftermath of the Sepoy Rebellion

13. India Becomes a British Colony (1858 – 1947)  Result of the Revolt: – After several months of fighting, British put down the revolt – The British government has had enough of BEIC control – They declare India an official colony in 1858  Ruled 2/3rds of India directly – End reliance on sepoys and Indians in government – 1/3 rd remaining (Indian kingdoms) had to sign treaties with the British giving up power

14. India Under British Rule (1858–1947)

15. Calls for Independence **Indians continue to resist British control after Sepoy Rebellion – but nationalists share different ideas about which direction to go - Some wanted return to Hindu ways, some wanted blending of Hindu and European cultures  Indian National Congress (INC) formed in 1885; mostly Hindu – called for gradual change and opening of government jobs to Indians – Gandhi becomes leader in 1920  Muslim League formed 1906 – Counterbalance to INC; mostly Muslim – Under the leadership of Ali Jinnah