2. (19) Citizenship. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a democratic society. The student is expected to: (A) describe qualities of effective leadership; (B) evaluate the contributions of significant political and social leaders in the United States such as Andrew Carnegie, Shirley Chisholm, and Franklin D. Roosevelt; and (C) identify the contributions of Texans who have been President of the United States.

3. What Does It Take to Become an Effective Leader? Leaders believe that the more they put into something. Leaders acknowledge that the size of their goals are determined only by the depth of their belief. Leaders point the way and provide direction. Leaders understand that communication begins with positive self-talk. Leaders know that they must set examples of honesty. http://www.fortunemgmt.com/peak3.html

4. Born: November 25, 1835 Died: August 11, 1919 Born to a poor Scottish family that immigrated to the United States Carnegie became a powerful businessman and a leading force in the American steel industry. he donated much of his fortune to causes like education and peace.

5. In 1968, "Fighting Shirley Chisholm," a former educator and member of the New York State Assembly, became the first black woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress. She won this race against the odds of both her race and sex, and went on to make a name for herself as a fighter for human rights and dignity during her two terms in office. In 1972, she again made history by seriously campaigning for the Democratic Party nomination for President, the first black woman to seek the nation's highest office.

6. Thirty-Second President 1933-1945 Born: January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York Died: April 12, 1945 in Warm Springs, Georgia Franklin D. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, but as a Democrat. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920.

7. Dwight D. Eisenhower Born in Texas in 1890, brought up in Abilene, Kansas, Eisenhower was the third of seven sons. He excelled in sports in high school, and received an appointment to West Point. Stationed in Texas as a second lieutenant, he met Mamie Geneva Doud, whom he married in 1916. Lyndon B. Johnson Johnson was born on August 27, 1908, in central Texas, not far from Johnson City, which his family had helped settle. He felt the pinch of rural poverty as he grew up, working his way through Southwest Texas State Teachers College; he learned compassion for the poverty of others when he taught students of Mexican descent. http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/