1. 0.1 Radiological Response for First Responders

2. 0.2 Know Your Role in Responding  Training + Knowledge + Equipment = A Safe Response

3. 0.3 Radiation  Radiation is energy in the form of particles that comes from a source and travels through some material or through space.  All sources of heat and light emit radiation.  The emission of the excess energy or mass is what we call radiation. This is where the term “nuclear radiation” comes from.

4. 0.4 Radioactivity: Elements & Atoms  Atoms are composed of smaller particles referred to as:  Protons,  Neutrons,  Electrons.  The Nucleus at the center of the atom is comprised of neutral neutrons and positively charged protons.

5. Ionizing Radiation alpha particle beta particle Radioactive Atom X-ray gamma ray

6. 0.6 Types of Ionizing Radiation  Particle Radiation – Alpha and Beta.  Pure Energy Radiation – Gamma.  Alpha & Beta are tiny fast moving particles that have both energy and weight.  Gamma are rays of energy with no weight that travel at the speed of light. Alpha Beta Gamma

7. 0.7 Radiation Measurement  Terminology:  Exposure rate = amount radiation possible to receive in a period of time.  Dose/exposure = total amount of radiation received.  Roentgen = a unit of measurement used to express the amount of gamma radiation exposure received in air.

8. 0.8 Measuring Radiation DOSE  Millirem = (1/1000 of a rem) – Unit of measuring the effect of ionizing radiation on humans.  REM = (1) – Unit of measuring the biological effect the radioactive materials will have on your body.

9. 0.9 Exposure Limits  1.25 REM/quarter  5 REM/year  10 REM to Mitigate  25 REM to SAVE A LIFE  Doses received must be deducted from the annual and lifetime limits.  Exposure Limit (mR) = max exposure time (hr) Exposure rate (mR/hr)

10. 0.10 Exposure Control Techniques  Consist of three factors:  Time  Distance  Shielding

11. 0.11 *TIME* Exposure Limits  If you had a reading of 100 R/hr (REMs per hour), you would be able to stay in the control zone for a maximum of 15 minutes without exceeding the exposure limits allowed to save a life.  If you had 50 R/hr you could stay for 30 minutes.  If the reading was only 2 mR/hr you could stay for as long as 12,500 hours.

12. 0.12 *DISTANCE* Inverse Square Law for Gamma Radiation  One helpful guide to determining safe distances is what is called the “Inverse Square law.”  Meaning each time you double your distance from the source you cut your exposure by 75%.  Example – If you obtained a reading of 20 mR/hr at 4 feet from the source, by doubling your distance you could cut your exposure to 5 mR/hr, ¼ the exposure you would have at 4 feet.

13. 0.13 144 36 16 9 4 1 2 3 4 6 Exposure Rate mr/hr Distance (Feet) “Inverse Square” Law

14. 0.14 *Shielding*  Use some form of shielding whenever possible.  Alpha particles are large enough that they can be stopped by a piece of paper.  Beta particles are small enough to pass through paper, but are stopped by a sheet of aluminum.  Gamma radiation will require something thicker – lead, concrete buildings, fire engines, natural terrain.

15. 0.15 Time Distance Shielding FT/miles Controlling Exposure

16. 0.16 5 10 25 >25 All Protecting valuable property Lifesaving or protection of large populations Lower dose not practicable Only on a voluntary basis to people fully aware of the risks involved Limit ActivityCondition Dose Limits (Workers Performing Emergency Services) measured in REM

17. 0.17 Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Badges  External Dosmietry – analyzed by a laboratory.  Obtain a blue film badge.  Sign your name on the index card next to the number of the badge.  Clip on the badge.

18. 0.18 CD V-700 SURVEY METER

19. 0.19 Preparation for Use  Set the Range Selector to OFF.

20. 0.20 Preparation for Use  Locate and unfasten the TWO latches on the sides of the case.

21. 0.21 Preparation for Use  Remove the cover and locate the Battery holders. Pinch and remove the retainers.  Note battery polarity and install 4 fresh ‘D’ cell batteries.

22. 0.22 Preparation for Use  Replace the retainers and the cover.  Lock down the latches.

23. 0.23 CD V-700 Operational Check Turn range selector to x10, wait 30 seconds. Remove probe from holder. Open beta window, use two zip-lock bags and cover the probe. Hold the probe next to the check source on side of meter case. The meter should read between 0.15 and 0.25 mr/hr. Because you are on 10 scale, your actual reading is 1.5 to 2.5 mr/hr.

24. 0.24 Instrument Use  Begin on the x1 range. If radiation registers, switch to the x10 range. If it rises again, switch to the x100 range.  Multiply the meter face reading by the range to determine exposure rate in mr/hr. (Millirem per hour.)  If the needle peaks, earphones squeal, and needle drops, the meter has probably been saturated.

25. 0.25 Meter Face #1

26. 0.26 Meter Face #2

27. 0.27 Meter Face #3

28. 0.28 Pocket Dosimeter Use:  Needle must be AT OR ABOVE ZERO for initial reading.  Note START and STOP readings.  Find exposure by subtracting the difference between the two.

29. 0.29 CD V-750 Dosimeter Charger

30. 0.30 Preparation for Use Step 1: Step 1: Install one “D” cell battery.  Remove center screw and open unit.  Observing battery polarity, insert fresh battery into unit.  Replace top and use center screw to put the unit together. + -

31. 0.31 Preparation for Use  Step 2  Remove cap, top left corner. Hold dosimeter with pocket clip between thumb and forefinger, press FIRMLY onto charging contact.

32. 0.32 Preparation for Use  Step 3  While looking through view finder, adjust hairline to ‘0’ using the knob located on the upper right corner.

33. 0.33 Santa Barbara County Fire Department RAD KIT CONTENTS Ammo Box Headphones 5-”D” cell Batteries CD V-750 3- TLD Film Badges 3- Pocket Dosimeters CD V-700

34. 0.34 Hairline moves as the dosimeter is removed from the charger. Dosimeter Troubleshooting Problem Set Hairline slightly left Of ‘0’ position. Hold Dosimeter up to light and re-check position. Solution