1. Absolutism

2. Mercantilism paid for absolutism.

3. Types of Government & Law

4. 1.Hammurabi Code a.1 st known set of laws written down. b.“Eye for an eye.” c.Harsh punishments

5. 2. Mandate of Heaven a. Chinese idea that the emperor was given the right to rule from the gods. b.Connected to idea of the Dynastic Cycle- how ruling families come to and fall from power

6. 3. Democracy a.Citizens share power to make decisions by voting b.Originated in ancient Athens, Greece

7. 4. Republic a.citizens elect representatives to make decision for them. b.Originated in ancient Rome

8. 5. Justinian Code a.Byzantine collection of laws b.Preserves known law codes to later influence Western laws.

9. The king and lords made decisions for all people. a.People owe allegiance to their lord b.Medieval Europe and Feudal Japan 6.

10. 7. Absolutism a.An absolute monarch is a king or queen with absolute power (total control)

11. B.The monarch would claim divine right – the power to rule came from God.

12. I. Philip II of Spain a.Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella b.Hardworking Catholic c.Built the Escorial Palace for royal family d.Spain experienced “El Siglo de Oro”

13. II. Louis XIV of France  Becomes king at age 5 in 1643. Cardinal Mazarin ran France until Louis was 18.  Louis ruled France for 72 years!

14.  Believed in divine right  He was called the “Sun King” The sun is a symbol of his power. He was the center of France like the sun is center of the solar system.  “L’etat c’est moi” = “I am the state”

15.  Built a beautiful palace at Versailles. Lived extravagantly.  Died in 1715

16. Louis XIV – The Sun King  Becomes king at age 5 in 1643. Cardinal Mazarin ran France until Louis was 18.  Louis ruled France for 72 years!  The Estates General didn’t meet from 1614-1789.

17. III. Peter the Great of Russia (1682-1725)

18.  Peter stood about 6’8”. He was a very strong laborer.

19.  Peter traveled Europe to study technology - he brought back new ideas to modernize (Westernize) Russia..

20. He moved Russia’s capital to St. Petersburg. It was a “Window to the West.”

24. Peter had to fight Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic coast.

25. Peter improved education, setting up schools just for math, science, and engineering. Men and women had to dress in modern clothing, and were encouraged to socialize.

26. He also improved canals and developed mining and textile manufacturing.

27. Catherine the Great of Russia

28.  Catherine was a German princess by birth but took over Russia.

29. She continued Westernization and Enlightenment ideas from Europe.

30.  She gained control of a warm-water port (a trade port that can be used year-round b/c it doesn’t freeze) for Russia.