1. Appositive phrases Provides more information about a noun. Most often appears directly after the noun it identifies or renames: Arizona Bill, "The Great Benefactor of Mankind," toured Oklahoma with herbal cures and a powerful liniment. Commas are used to separate phrase from rest of sentence! May appear in front of a word that it identifies: A dark wedge, the eagle hurtled earthward at nearly 200 miles per hour.

2. Make a three column graph labeled with the following: semicolons;colons:hyphens- 1. Used after a prefix that is followed by a proper noun or adjective 2. Combines two independent clauses 3. Used to write a fraction as an adjective 4. Used on warning labels 5. separates words when dropping down to next line on composition 6. Used after the salutation in a business letter 7. Used to separate words in a compound noun 8. Separates hour from minutes 9. Used before a conjunctive adverb 10.Used to introduce list of items 11. Used to separate two-word numbers

3. Relative Pronouns  Begins a subordinate clause and connects it to another idea in the same sentence.  There are five relative pronouns: thatwhichwhowhomwhose Independent clauseSubordinate clause Here is the earringthat Tara lost. She is a painterwho has an unusual talent. Is this the womanwhom you saw earlier? She is the onewhose house has a new alarm.

4. Conjunctive adverbs Used to connect complete ideas (compound sentence) or to transition by showing comparisons, contrasts, or results. Use a ; BEFORE the word and a, AFTER That movie was great; however, I still prefer the book. accordinglyconsequentlyindeedotherwise againfinallyinsteadthen alsofurthermoremoreovertherefore besideshoweverneverthelessthus