1. Anthony Kenta Homma Ryo Miyasaka Yuki Takada Systematic Transportation of Logistics for East Japan Great Earthquake 2011 1

2. Tsunami disaster 2

3. Background  Severe earthquake and Tsunami causing destruction of epic scale in Japan on March 11 th  Shortage of logistics such as foods, fuel, and blankets was one of the most urgent and serious problems  Transport of supplies to areas affected by earthquake and tsunami was hampered because of traffic isolation. 3

4. Issues  Need to deliver relief supply to the affected areas within the shortest time frame  Need to find the solution to access the affected areas  Re-consider the most suitable choice of transportation means according to the situation and the demand of evacuation spots. 4

5. General Analysis of Common Transportation Means 5 Air Fast Limited load capacity Airport Land Wide coverage Low cost Minimal load capacity Vulnerable Sea High load capacity Time- consuming Port

6. 6

7. Cases of area attacked by tsunami 7 port port port refuge crevice rubble

8. Current solution for the case  Hovercraft as an alternative solution for port closure  Limited coverage; land route is still much needed 8 LCAC (amphibious hovercraft)

9. Issues of Land Transport  Indispensable  Land transport is still required as the connection between evacuation spots and ports  Need to be recovered as soon as possible  Most of supply will be transported through the land route because it is affordable and quite adaptables  Have many troubles  Roads and rails are most vulnerable to destruction by earthquake and tsunami 9

10. Solution for road separation  Piled rubble or wide crevice separates the road to the destination  How we can get to the destination?  Prevention  Avoidance  Breakthrough  Removal 10

11. 1)Prevention of piling rubbles Before the trouble attack the road, prevention can be done Such prevention of piling on the road traffic enable smooth mobility 11

12. Suggestion  Build road on higher places like banks  In 3.11 case, “Sendai East Road” had played roles as places evacuation area and embankment, saving about 230 people  Applying the construction of such roads to other coastal areas  Build embankment along the main road  defend roads from tsunami and piling of rubbles  also reduce noises from traffics 12

13. 2)Avoiding the rubble 13 If there is another safe road, we can choose that route as the alternative. The problem lies on how can we locate the safe route

14. Suggestion  Introduce “road checking system” Measure road’s accessibility according to the state of the road using satellite photographs. ⇒ 14

15. Suggestion 15  Observer categorizes the damage of all roads when the disaster occurred, illustrated in the table below  If satellites can categorize automatically it costs so little time to decide the best route

16. 3)Ignore or break through rubbles 16 Means to break through the rubbles or ignore them

17. 17 Suggestion  Huge vehicle with big tires or caterpillar as means to get over the rubbles  Smaller-sized vehicle can be used to deliver supply  Legged robots for transportation is another plausible solutions huge dump truck four-legged robot

18. 4)Removal of rubble and road repair 18 Eventually we need to remove rubbles and repair the roads to recover the ordinary traffic

19.  According to the categorization of road’s damage, we can decide the priority in repair  Less-damaged roads with higher number of traffic should be repaired 19 Suggestion

20. Merits and demerits of each means Prevention No further need to additional measure Advance measure is required Avoidance Most applicable and high level certainty Limited coverage of areas Breakthrough High adaptability May caused destruction of semi-usable buildings Repair Certain Require thorough planning and time consuming 20

21. Choice of means PreventionRoad checkAvoidBreakthroughRepair 21 Earthquake ↓ available unavailable

22. Summary  We have to choose transport means according to the condition of affected area  In any case, land route is most important to deliver supply  Multi-sided measures are considered as the solution for the road separation  Need to combine all these measures in response to the situation 22

23. Questions and Answers 23 Thank You for Listening!