2. 1619-1700

3. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther & 95 Theses Critique of Indulgences Bible alone was word of God People are saved by faith alone Sparks mainland European Protestant Reformation

4. John Calvin and predestination 1536 Institutes of the Christian Religion Only predestined go to heaven Good works could not save those whom predestination had marked for hell

5. Protestant Work Ethic Calvinists known for work ethic- dusk to dawn to prove their worthiness.

6. England’s Puritans Some English Puritans wanted to further purify King Henry VIII’s Anglican Church. Separatists vowed to break away entirely from the Church of England

7. The Pilgrims (Separatists) arrive in Plymouth After 65 days at sea, the Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth Less than half Pilgrims on Mayflower were Separatists Why would others travel as well?

8. Pilgrim leaders Myles Standish - great military leader & Indian negotiator Governor William Bradford Elected governor of Plymouth 30 times Helped develop fur, fish & lumber trades

9. Mayflower Compact Agreement to form a government Submit to will of the majority Promising step towards self-government

10. The First Thanksgiving Horrible winter of 1620 only half colony survived 1621 brought bountiful harvest Proved English could survive in uninviting region

11. Squanto, chief of the Wampanoag tribe and early colonists tried to maintain peaceful relations. Successful only for a limited time.

12. The Bible Commonwealth Non-Separatists Puritans- sought to reform Church of England from within Led by Governor John Winthrop, Puritans set up Massachusetts Bay Colony as a “city upon a hill” Covenant with God to build a holy society as a model for humankind

13. Early Colonial Map circa 1691 Virginia Dare

14. Building the Bay Colony Strove for religious and social harmony Purpose of government to enforce God’s laws Theocracy Religious leaders wielded powerful political influence over government

15. Bible Commonwealth Settlers to Massachusetts Bay had sought to purify, or separate from the Church of England The leaders in Massachusetts Bay wanted little dissention from religious orthodoxy.

16. Religious Dissenters Anne Hutchinson Roger Williams Believed in antinomianism- the truly saved need not bother to obey laws of man or God. Exiled first to Portsmouth and later to New York Preached separation of church and state Compensation to Indians for land Founded first Baptist church in New World Founded Rhode Island Religious freedom

17. Anne Hutchinson “The first feminist”

18. Roger Williams Founding of Rhode Island

19. New England Spreads Out Reverend Thomas Hooker led an energetic group of Puritans to Connecticut The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Modern constitution Established regime democratically controlled by substantial citizens First written constitution in colonies

20. Maine and New Hampshire Sir Ferdinando Gorges founded Maine for trading. Maine became part of Massachusetts until 1820 Missouri Compromise. New Hampshire was founded by John Mason for trading and fishing reasons

21. Early Colonial Native American Wars 1675 King Philip’s War Metacom led a last effort to stop colonial settlement. Providence burned to the ground and a massacre occurred What were the results of King Philip’s War?

22. Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence The New England Confederation formed Unite for protection against the Indians, French and Dutch. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Hartford & New Haven Began tradition of colonies not asking the English crown for permission to act.

23. The Navigation Acts and Mercantilism Navigation Acts Certain goods shipped from a New World port were to go only to Britain or to another New World colonial port Goods from the colonies were to be provided only to England Mercantilism Economic theory that benefits the mother country at the expense of the colony

24. The New Netherlands In 1609 Henry Hudson ventured into Delaware and New York Bay & claimed the area for the Netherlands

25. New Netherlands In 1664 Charles II granted modern day New York to his brother the Duke of York. British troops landed and quickly eliminated the Dutch from the area.

26. Pennsylvania The Holy Experiment Founded by William Penn as a haven for Quakers in 1681 Thousand of squatters already lived in Pennsylvania Philadelphia- one of the first “planned” cities & unofficial “capital” of colonies Abolitionists

27. Characteristics of Southern Colonies South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Georgia Plantation system Slaves and slave codes Some major seaports Located near Spanish Florida and French Louisiana

28. Characteristics of New England Colonies Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire Various religions Diverse economically Gold Mines of New England (the sea) Predisposed to early public education

29. Characteristics of the Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware & Pennsylvania Fertile soil / Bread Colonies Ethically diverse population Considerable economic and social democracy

30. AP PARTS Analyze The Mayflower Compact using AP PARTS: Author - Who created the source? What is their point of view? Place and Time -Where and when was the source produced? Prior Knowledge - What do you already know that would further your understanding of this sources? Audience - For whom was the source created? Does this affect the reliability of the source? Reason - Why was this source produced at the time is was produced? The Main Idea - What is the source trying to convey? Significance - Why is this source important?