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Hwawei Ko + Chiahui Chiu Graduate Institute of Learning and Instruction National Central University, Taiwan The Influence of Electronic Media on Young.

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Presentation on theme: "Hwawei Ko + Chiahui Chiu Graduate Institute of Learning and Instruction National Central University, Taiwan The Influence of Electronic Media on Young."— Presentation transcript:

1 Hwawei Ko + Chiahui Chiu Graduate Institute of Learning and Instruction National Central University, Taiwan The Influence of Electronic Media on Young Children’s Cognitive Development

2 Observation  1 year old watched cartoon on ipod.  Eyes wide open without blinking.  5 year old played angry bird.  Laugh and sigh

3 Children today are growing up immersed in media

4 Age zero to six (A Kaiser Family Foundation Report, 2003)

5 (A Kaiser Family Foundation Study, 2005) Age 8 to 18

6 (A Kaiser Family Foundation Report, 2003)

7 (A Kaiser Family Foundation Study, 2005)

8 More statistics  Children below 1 year old exposed to electronic media averaged 2 hours daily in America and the total media exposure time increased with age (Rideout & Hamel, 2005; Roberts, Foehr & Rideout, 1999; Roberts, Foehr, & Rideout, 2004).

9 Grades 3 to 6 in Taiwan (Fubon Foundation, 2009)

10 media influence on children’s development  Health problems  Sleeping problems ( Owens, Maxim, McGuinn, Nobile, Msall, & Alario, 1999 ; Thompson & Christakis, 2005; Shochat, Flint-Bretler, & Tzischinsky, 2010)  Obesity problems ( Klesges, Shelton, & Klesges, 1993)  Increased aggressive behaviors (Browne & Hamilton- Giachritsis, 2005; Milavsky, Kessler, & Stipp, 1982)  Language ability (Linebarger & Piotrowski, 2009 ; Linebarger & Walker, 2005; Rice, 1984; Rice, Huston, Truglio, & Wright, 1990; Rice & Woodsmall, 1988)

11 media influence on cognitive development  Attention (Christakis, Zimmerman, DiGiuseppe, & McCarty, 2004; Foster & Watkins, 2010; Lillard & Peterson, 2011; Zimmermann & Christakis, 2007;)  Problem-solving (Greenfield, Camaioni, Ercolani, Weiss, Lauber, & Perucchini, 1984)  Spatial skills (Subrahmanyam & Greenfield, 1994; )  School performance : reading comprehension, math ability, digit span ( Morgan, 1993 ; Zimmermann & Christakis, 2005;)

12 Why study media’s impact on cognitive development  Cognitive development is the development over time of the ability to understand the world in which we live (R. Sternberg).  It is the foundation of understanding.  It is the base for learning.

13 Cognitive ability  Cognitive abilities  Inductive reasoning  Quantitative skills  Memory  Attention :  Youngsters are easy to get distracted.  They need to learn to concentrate.  Too much noisy is not good for concentration.

14 Purpose of this study  Most studies investigated single variable.  One shot study  Could children grow out of the influence?  Could the severity of the media’s impact on different cognitive ability be different?  This study is mean to be cross-sectional and longitudinal (follow up).  To examine the overall influence of electronic media on young children’s cognitive development.

15 Participants NorthSouth Exposure +Exposure -Exposure +Exposure - MFMFMFMF 4-5 yrs15 5-6 yrs15 6-7 yrs15 total 180

16 Instruments used  Language  Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test  Memory  Digit memory task,  Quantitative skills  Number task  Inductive reasoning (spatial)  Raven’s Progressive Matrices  Attention  Tasks are not applicable for age 4

17 questionnaire on background & exposure  Family SES  Media used in the house  television, video players, audio media (radio, tape, and compact disc players), video games (both console-based and handheld), computers, new digital media such as cell phones, personal digital media players, and Internet access.  Children’s early media exposure experience  Age : At what age first watch TV (DVD, computer, website, e-mail)  Availability  Media in the bedroom?  Quantity  How much time your child spent watching TV/a day?

18 Preliminary Results

19 Parent’s education college +College degree Hi school degree Father18%55%27% Mother9%64%27%

20 Electronic media owned in the household

21 Amount of time spend each day with

22 At what age First watch TV, video, DVD  67% at one-year-old  25% under one  8% at 3 years old

23 At what age First use a computer WITHOUT sitting on a parent’s lap  42% at 4 years old  17% at 3 years old  17% at 6 years old  17% above 6 years old  8% children do not use computers

24 At what age First to play computer games  50% at 4 years old  17% at 3 years old  17% at 6 years old  8% above 6 years old  8% children do not use computers

25 Cognitive abilities 5-5.4 yrs5.5-5.9 yrs6-6.4 yrs N=6N=8N=6 MSDM M Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test 119.337.66117.1310.74109.836.49 Digit memory.58.07.54.06.51.07 Number task.82.17.91.16.77.23 Raven’s Progressive Matrices.48.07.52.13.58.18

26 Watching TV and Cognitive abilities Start at 1 yrStart at 3 yrs MM Vocabulary114105 Spatial.61.47 Number.82.98 Memory.56.75

27 Using computer and Cognitive abilities  No difference found between two groups  Age 4 vs. 6 and above  Most participants first used computer at age 4. The experience is limited.

28 Conclusion for now  TV did have impact on children’s cognitive development.  For vocabulary & spatial sbility  Not for number & memory  Computer’s impact is still to be clarified.  The impact on eyes ?  Longitudinal study is necessary.

29 My position  Not against e- media.  Development has its timeline.  When time has not come, we might spoil the child’s interest of learning.  When is the proper time to provide IT for learning?

30 Invitation & Thanks for your attention! Project supported by NSC

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