1. Chapter 14 Mathematics

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-2 Precursors of Mathematics Learning in Young Children Spatial relations Sense of body image Visual-motor & visual-perceptual abilities Concepts of direction and time Memory abilities

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-3 Math Problems in General Education Class for Students with Learning Disabilities Student may not have prior knowledge Too rapid a rate for introducing the steps Lack of coherence in presentation Poor communication Insufficient guided practice Not enough review

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-4 Information-Processing Problems in Mathematics Attention Visual-spatial processing Auditory processing Memory & retrieval Motor problems

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-5 Characteristics of Mathematics Disabilities Information-processing difficulties Language and reading problems Lack of mathematics learning strategies Math anxiety

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-6 Changing Views about Mathematics Education Modern math approach Basic skills instruction Constructive learning More math testing, standards-based performance tests

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-7 Progressing from Concrete to Abstract Concrete level –Use real objects Representational level –Use graphic symbols Abstract level –Use numbers

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-8 Constructive Learning Children construct their own solutions to math problems Chinese Proverb –I hear and I forget I see and I remember I do and I understand

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14-9 Common Math Errors Place value 72 +29 91 Computation facts 5 X9 47 Wrong process 10 -2 12 Working from left to right 42 +85 28