1. BOTANY Standard 3: Greenhouse and Horticulture Practices Ms. Darlak

2. WARM-UP 04/25  If you were going to start a garden. What 3 characteristics would you want your garden to have?

3. AGENDA 04/25  Green house  Introduction to Permaculture  Field Trip May 11 th : Hoyt Arboretum

4. PERMACULTURE:  What is it?  Permanent Agriculture,  Permanent Culture  Permaculture is a design for a sustainable way of life.  It embraces the ethics of Care for the Earth and Care for people, as well as Limits aware and Surplus share.

5. PERMACULTURE IS ALL ABOUT…  Recycling  Renewable energy  Water harvesting  Waste treatment and reuse  Growing healthy food  Appropriate technology  Energy efficiency  and lots more!

6. HOW PERMACULTURE DESIGN DIFFERS FROM OTHER AGRICULTURAL METHODS  Self-sustaining systems  High productivity  Intensive land use  Diversity  Evolving  Consideration and integration of environment and organisms  Perennial food crops  Design

7. THE PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROCESS 1. Observe and analyse  observe, collect and collate data. Sort, group and analyse trends, make predictions and determine priorities. 2. Consider needs and functions  elements in the system, requirements of plants and animals, waste as a resource. Human needs. Determine functions and uses of elements required for holistic system. 3. Use patterns and make connections  edge, stacking, guilds, ecological interactions, land use patterns, develop strategies. Types and shapes of garden beds for maximum production. Zones.

8. DESIGN PROCESS CON’T 4. Manage energy and use local materials and resources  sector planning, harvest and store energy and water, renewable materials and energy, embodied energy of materials. Local resources. 5. Increase biodiversity and productivity  food production, non-food production, increase biomass, nurture soil, cultivated ecosystems. Integrated pest management. Harvest and storage of food and materials. 6. Design for catastrophe  natural flooding, pest and plague, climate change, severe weather, nutrient depletion, energy decline.

10. WARM-UP 04/26  What are the 3 most important things plants need to grow?  What are the 3 most important things seeds need to grow?  Water  Temperature  Light

11. AGENDA 04/26  Standard 3  Seed Germination  Lab Procedure Write-up

12. STANDARD 3  No Test  Grade  Lab Write-up  Greenhouse Transplanting/Participation  Landscape Design Principles and Elements  Standard  Landscape Design Project

13. SEED GERMINATION  Radish Seed Germination Radish Seed Germination  Mixed Seed Germination Mixed Seed Germination

14. SEEDS AND SEED GERMINATION

15. GERMINATION EXPERIMENT  May work with a Partner  Read the information on germantion p. 2-3  Create a hypothesis and create an experiment to test your hypothesis  Write up your procedure

16. SEED STRUCTURE Cotyledon Plumule Radicle Micropyle Seed coat or testa

17. DORMANCY  Metabolism falls  Number of organelles per cell falls  Dehydration – water content falls  Vacuoles in cells deflate  Food reserves become dense crystalline bodies

18. MAINTAINING DORMANCY  Physical barriers The seed coat (testa) is waxy = waterproof and impermeable to oxygen  Physical state – dehydrated  Chemical inhibitors present e.g. salts, mustard oils, organic acids, alkaloids  Growth promoters absent

19. SEED VIABILITY  Viability: When a seed is capable of germinating after all the necessary environmental conditions are met.  Average life span of a seed 10 to 15 years.  Some are very short-lived e.g. willow (< 1 week)  Some are very long-lived e.g. mimosa 221 years  Conditions are very important for longevity  Cold, dry, anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions  These are the conditions which are maintained in seed banks

20. GERMINATION STAGEEVENTS PREGERMINATION(a)Rehydration – imbibition of water. (b)RNA & protein synthesis stimulated. (c)Increased metabolism – increased respiration. (d)Hydrolysis (digestion) of food reserves by enzymes. (e)Changes in cell ultrastructure. (f)Induction of cell division & cell growth. GERMINATION(a)Rupture of seed coat. (b)Emergence of seedling, usually radicle first. POST GERMINATION(a)Controlled growth of root and shoot axis. (b)Controlled transport of materials from food stores to growing axis. (c)Senescence (aging) of food storage tissues.

21. THE CONTROL OF FOOD RESERVE HYDROLYSIS  Control by growth promotors such as gibberellin and growth inhibitors such as abscisic acid  The growth substances are affected by environmental factors (e.g. light, temperature, humidity)

22. WARM-UP 04/27  What are 5 factors that affect seed germination?  Viability Time  Dormancy  Moisture  Temperature  Chemical Inhibitors

23. AGENDA 04/27  How do we break dormancy?  Procedure Check  Germination Lab set up  Create a DATA TABLE

24. GERMINATION: THE BREAKING OF DORMANCY The growth of the embryo and its penetration of the seed coat Break down of barriers Abrasion of seed coat (soil particles) Decomposition of seed coat (soil microbes, gut enzymes) Cracking of seed coat (fire) Change in physical state - rehydration Destruction and dilution of inhibitors Light, temperature, water Production of growth promoters

25. WARM-UP 04/28  What are the parts of a lab write-up?

26. AGENDA 04/28  Lab Data Sheet to record your results  Greenhouse  Lab Write up Components  Read pps. 354 – 365 IN CLASS  HW: Proposal for your Design Location and Type

27. LAB DATA SHEET  Record for 12 days  Record control and treatment  What are you recording?

28. LAB WRITE UP COMPONENTS P. 4-5  Title  Authors  Abstract (5 pts)  Introduction (10 pts)  Materials and Methods (10 pts)  Results (20 pts)  Data table  Graph  Discussion (20 pt)

29. READ PPS. 354- 365 IN TEXT  Principles of Landscaping, Maintenance, and Xeriscaping

30. HOMEWORK Proposal for your Design Location and Type  What is the location of your landscape?  What is the focus of your design?  What are the goals of your space?

31. WARM-UP 04/29 Take out your homework and share your ideas with your neighbor. Proposal for your Design  What is the location of your landscape?  What is the focus of your design?  What are the goals of your space?

32. AGENDA 04/29  Hand-in Homework  Greenhouse  Work Day!  Term Project  Lab Procedure write-up (typed)  Article Review #2 Due Tuesday!