2.  What is an arthropod?

4.  In the Phylum Arthropoda there are crabs, spiders, and insects.  They have segmented bodies, tough exoskeletons, and jointed appendages (antennae or legs with joints)....places that bend

5.  The evolution of Arthropods led to fewer body segments and highly specialized appendages used for feeding, movement, and other stuff (functions)

6.  Most living arthropods have only 2 or 3 segments (sections)  They have specialized appendages (antennae, walking legs, wings, mouthparts)

7.  Arthropods can be herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.  They have an open circulatory system  They are classified based on the number and structure of their body segments and appendages......especially their mouthparts

8.  Most terrestrial (land) arthropods breathe through network of branching tracheal tubes that extend throughout the body.  They dispose of wastes that has (contains) nitrogen using Malpighian tubules (saclike organs)  They use internal fertilization

9.  Most aquatic Arthropods have gills and use external fertilization.

10.  Molting is when arthropods outgrow their exoskeleton they start molting (get rid of exoskeleton so they can grow and make (manufacture) a new one that is bigger.

12.  Crustaceans are in the subphylum Crustacea and include crabs, shrimp, lobster, crayfishes, barnacles.  Crustaceans have 2 pairs of antennae, 2 or 3 body sections, chewing mouthparts (mandibles)

13.  Crustaceans with 3 body sections have a head, thorax, and an abdomen

14.  The thorax lies just behind the head and houses (keeps) most of the internal organs

15.  The Crustaceans with 2 sections have a head and thorax that are together (fused).  Together, the fused section is called a cephalothorax

16.  The Chelicerates are in the subphylum Chelicerata and include horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, and scorpions.  The Chelicerates have many mouthparts (chelicerae), 2 body sections, and most have 4 pairs of walking legs

17.  Horseshoe crabs are one of the oldest living arthropods

18.  Arachnids are in the class Arachnidia.  They include spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions.

19.  Spiders are the largest group of arachnids.  Spiders spin strong webs (by forcing liquid silk through spinnerets.

21.  Uniramians are in the subphylum Uniramia  They include centipedes, millipedes, and insects.  They have jaws, 1 pair of antennae, and unbranched appendages.

22.  Millipedes have 2 pairs of legs per segment   Millipedes feed on dead or decaying plant matter

23.  Centipedes have a few to more than 100 pairs of legs.  Most of their body segments have 1 pair of legs each (per segment).  Centipedes are carnivores

24.  Insects, (Bees, Moths, Beetles) have a bodies that have 3 parts (head, thorax, abdomen) and:   3 pairs of legs are attached to thorax  1pair of antenna  1 pair of compound eyes  2 pairs of wings  3 pairs of appendages used as mouthparts (including pair of mandibles)  Also have a variety of different mouth types

25.  Compound eyes have many lenses.  A compound eye can detect minute changes in color /movement.

26.  Metamorphosis is the process of changing shape/form.  Metamorphosis happens during growth / development.

27.  Incomplete Metamorphosis results in  immature forms of insects that look like adults but aren’t adults.

28.  Nymphs gradually acquire (get) adult structures

29.  Complete Metamorphosis is the process of insects hatching into larvae, that look like adults, then the larvae changing into pupa (stage of time) as it changes to an adult.

30.  Insects are thought by many to be destructive  Insects like termites (Destroy wood).  Insects like mosquitoes (Bite) and can infect humans and animals with West Nile and Malaria  Bees though, are actually beneficial (pollinate crops)

31.  Insects communicate though sound, chemicals, and other types of signals (like ants).

32.  Pheromones are specific chemical messengers that affect behavior / development.

33.  Societies are complex associations (group) of animals that work together to benefit all of them (not just the individual)   Animals that form societies are ants, bees, and termites.