1. Chapter 7 Memory

3. Memory
Process by which we recollect prior experiences, information, skills learned in the past

4. 3 Types of Memory

5. Episodic Special events, happening to or in the present of the person
Flash bulb
We photograph many details everyday to recall events.

6. Generic memory general knowledge
Usually do not remember when we acquired the information
Most information learned in school

7. Procedural Memory Skills, procedures you have learned
Once skills are learned unlikely to forget

8. Section 2 3 processes of memory

9. 1st process-Encoding
Information is changed (encoded) into a form that can be stored
Visual codes
see them as a mental picture
Acoustic codes
repeating out loud (auditory code) (_7_)
Semantic codes (bone-dog)
(relating to meaning) words, sentences, numbers

10. 2nd process-Storage Maintenance rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal
repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting. (Phone numbers, addresses)
Elaborative Rehearsal
put the word into sentences (used in education)
Organizational
everything is put in files, files can be expanded,
Filling errors
subject to errors, not a perfect system

11. 3rd process Retrieval
Locate stored information and returning it to conscious thought.
Context-Dependent Memory
State-Dependent Memory

12. Context-dependent memories
Are dependent on the place
Park
church
School
Memories are encoded at the place

13. State-dependent memory
Emotional state influences memories
Moods and emotion that you were in or feeling help bring back memories

14. Section 3
3 stages of Memory

15. 1st stage- Sensory Memory
Immediate, initial recording of information that enter through our senses

17. 2nd stage-Short-term Memory
Can disappear after seconds unless transferred to long term memory.
Dialing a phone number helps you remember it

18. Primacy Effect Recency Effect Tendency to recall the
first items in a series of items
Tendency to recall the
last items in a series of items

19. Chunking Interference
Organization of items into familiar or manageable units
Can put in short-term memory 7 items
Takes the places of information that is already in short-term memory

20. 3rd stage-Long-term memory
Must take certain steps to store it in long term memory
No limit to how much can be stored

21. Reconstructive Schemas
Memories are reconstructed from bits and pieces of our experiences.
People will interpret information differently
Mental representations that we form of the world by organizing information into knowledge

22. Forgetting and Memory improvement
Section 4
Forgetting and Memory improvement

23. Forgetting and Memory Improvement

24. Different kinds of forgetting
Repression (Freud)
Forget things on purpose

25. Amnesia Infantile Forgetting of earlier events Anterograde
Memory loss caused by trauma
Retrograde
Period leading up to a traumatic event

26. Improving Memory Drill and practice Relate to things you already know
For unusual association (lion- cats)
Construct links
Use mnemonic devices (Homes)