1. THE COLD WAR INTRODUCTION

2. WHAT WAS THE COLD WAR?

3.  Conflict between those who believed in Communism and those who opposed it.

4. WHAT WERE THE SIDES IN THE COLD WAR?

5.  Communist countries: led by All were one-party dictatorships All were one-party dictatorships  Anti-Communist countries: led by Sometimes called “The Free World,” but included both democracies and dictatorships

6. THE SIDES

7. HOW LONG DID IT LAST?

8.  Historians agree that the “Cold War” began in 1946  Some historians believe it ended in 1989  Others believe it ended in 1991  Why? What events happened during those two years?

9. SOVIET LEADERS  Stalin 1929-53  Khrushchev 1955- 64  Brezhnev 1966-82  Andropov 1982-84  Chernenko 1984  Gorbachev 1985- 1991

10. AMERICAN PRESIDENTS  Truman 1945-53  Eisenhower 1953-1961  Kennedy 1961-63  Johnson 1963-68  Nixon 1969-74  Ford 1974-76  Carter 1977-1981  Reagan 1981-89  George H.W. Bush 1989-1993

11. WHAT WERE SOME RESULTS OF THE COLD WAR?

12. RESULTS OF THE COLD WAR:  Approximately 21 million people died as a direct result of the Cold War, mainly in revolutions, party purges and “brushfire wars” or “proxy wars” including those in Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaya, Indonesia, Angola, Mozambique, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua

13.  The Arms race between the U.S., the USSR and other countries created enough weapons of mass destruction to destroy or poison the planet, for the first time in history.

14. REVOLUTIONS AND “WARS OF LIBERATION ALL OVER THE WORLD  Weapons from both sides to many developing countries  Mines – e.g. Laos

15. COMPETITION COMPETITION BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE SOVIET UNION LED TO MANY DEVELOPMENTS, ESPECIALLY: COMPETITION BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE SOVIET UNION LED TO MANY DEVELOPMENTS, ESPECIALLY: THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE

16. SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE LOCATION SYSTEMS (GPS) AND THE INTERNET SATELLITE LOCATION SYSTEMS (GPS) AND THE INTERNET NEW SPYING TECHNIQUES NEW SPYING TECHNIQUES

17. LOTS OF COMPETITION IN SPORTS LOTS OF COMPETITION IN SPORTS

18. WAYS THE COLD WAR WAS CONDUCTED  Diplomacy – Summit meetings  Espionage  Proxy or “Brushfire” Wars  Arms Race  Sports

19. DIPLOMACY  “Summit” meetings – meetings of leaders. Hard to arrange, many unsuccessful.  United Nations – a “stage” for each side to humiliate the other, also to make contacts.

20. ESPIONAGE  Spies everywhere  Soviet spy networks in US  Electronic spying  US high-altitude surveillance – U2 planes; satellites

21. PROXY WARS  Also called “brushfire wars in ’60s  Liberation movements in developing world – Cold War powers would back a friendly side without (usually) getting directly involved  Angola, Nicaragua, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Ethiopia