1. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Chapter 11: Rate Flexibility PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski and Mimi Markus Bridging the Gap, 8/e Brenda Smith

2. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman In this Chapter You Will Learn:  How to read faster  How to avoid distractions  How to stop regressing  How to preview material  How to push and pace  How to skim and scan

3. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman How Fast Should You Read?  Average Speed - 250 words per minute at 70 percent comprehension  College students - 300 words per minute on the same type of material with 70 percent comprehension  No one reading rate serves for all purposes for all materials  Efficient readers vary their rate according to: – their own purpose for reading. – their prior knowledge.

4. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Techniques for Faster Reading  Concentrate  Stop regressing  Expand fixations  Monitor sub-vocalization  Preview  Use pen as a pacer

5. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Concentrate External Distractions (physical happenings around you):  Turn off the television  Ask people not to interrupt  Choose a place to read where interruptions will be at a minimum Internal Distractions (irrelevant ideas that pop into your head):  Make a to-do list  Spend less time worrying and more time doing  Visualize as you read

6. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Stop Regressing Regression is rereading due to a lack of concentration.  Analyze when and why you are regressing  Schedule a special time to deal with internal distractions  Visualize the incoming ideas  Relate the new material to what you already know

7. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Expand Fixations Fixations - stopping points  Read more than one word per fixation  Use your peripheral vision to help you read two to three words at a time  Take in phases or thought units that seem to go together automatically

8. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Monitor Sub-Vocalization Sub-vocalization - the little voice in your head that reads for you:  With easy reading tasks, reduce sub- vocalizations  With more difficult textbook readings, allow sub-vocalizations: –voice seems to add another sensory. –the inner voice can read up to about 400 words per minute.

9. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Preview  Read the subheadings  Look at the pictures  Notice the italicized words and boldface print  Make predictions  Activate your schema

10. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Use Your Pen as a Pacer  With your pen or finger, point under the words in a smooth, flowing motion back and forth from line to line  Benefits: –improves concentration –keeps you from regressing –sets a rapid, steady pace for reading

11. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Push and Pace  Count the number of pages in your homework assignments  Estimate according to your reading rate how many pages you can read in thirty minutes  Use a paper clip or a sticky note to mark the page you are trying to reach  Push yourself to achieve your goal!

12. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is Skimming? Skimming is a technique of selectively reading for the main idea. It involves skipped words, sentences, paragraphs, even pages.

13. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Techniques for Skimming Part 1  Read the title and subheadings as well as words in italics and boldface print to get an idea of what the material is about

14. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Techniques for Skimming Part 2  Listing - explains items of equal value  Definition and Examples - defines a term and gives examples to help the reader understand the term  Time order or sequence - presents items in chronological order  Comparison and Contrast - compares similarities & differences of items  Description - explains characteristics of an item  Cause & Effect - shows how one item has produced another  Problem & Solution - explains the problem, causes and effects, and also suggests a solution.  Opinion and Proof - Gives an opinion and then supports it with proof

15. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Techniques for Skimming Part 3  Read introductions  Look for main ideas and significant supporting details  Read first sentences in paragraphs and summary statements  Skip words that seem to have little meaning, like a, an, and the

16. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Techniques for Skimming Part 4 Skip sentences or sections that seem to contain the following:  Familiar ideas  Unnecessary details  Superfluous examples  Restatements or unneeded summaries  Material irrelevant to your purpose

17. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is Scanning? Scanning is a process of searching for a single bit of information.

18. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Techniques for Scanning  Find organization or overview of material  Decide on a key expression or related idea to look for  Repeat the phrase and hold the image in your mind  Move quickly and aggressively  Verify through careful reading

19. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Visit the Longman English Pages  http://www.ablongman.com/englishpages Take a Road Trip to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway! Visit the Reading Rate module in your Reading Road Trip CD-ROM for multimedia, tutorials, exercises, and tests.