1. SEMESTER FINAL 2012 AP PSYCHOLOGY

2.  What is the experimental procedure in which both subjects and researchers are ignorant about the control & experimental groups?

3. o In which stage of language development does multi- lingual vocal sound appear (and then disappear)?

4. Any effect on behavior caused by expectations or by use of inert substance

5. Process by which animals (ducks, geese, monkeys…) form attachments during an early critical period

6. The central focal point in the retina in which cones are concentrated

7. An emotional tie with another person Shown by young children toward caregiver (and by Harlow’s baby monkeys!)

8.  List & define the 7 psychological perspectives

9. Summarize the impact of environmental factors on personality development.

10. Diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

11. Which reproductive event is signaled by a reduction in estrogen levels in women?

12. Name & contrast the 3 parenting styles

13. Mental short—cuts to problem solving (it is prone to errors)

14. List the 3 levels of moral development identified by Kohlberg. Explain each.

15. Organizing items into familiar manageable units in order to remember them

16. Areas of the cerebral cortex NOT involved in motor or sensory functions Control higher level functions

17. Explain the difference between gender-role, gender- schema, & gender-type.

18. Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

19. Learning by watching and imitating the behavior of others

20. Philosopher who believe the mind & body are inseperable

21. Which limbic system structure controls hunger, sex drive, thirst, temperature?

22. The tendency to believe that we could have foreseen the outcome of an event

23. The best example of a concept in a category

24. Contrast : FI FR VI VR

25. An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior within a culture

26. Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, problem-solving, & communicating

27. Which body functions is/are controlled by the “little brain?”

28. Identify: Mean Median Mode

29. Explain “the other two” senses.

30. Name 2 primary sex characteristics and 2 secondary sex characteristics

31. Other than identical genes, what else do identical twins “share?”

32. Name four ways in which scientists can “see” what is happening in our brain. EEG- fMRI- MRI- PET-

33. Attributing an event we have heard or read about to our own experience; source of false memories

34. Opposing retinal processes that enable color vision Give me examples

35. What is the difference between proactive interference & retroactive interference?

36. An operant conditioning process in which reinforcers guide behavior closer & closer toward the desired behavior

37. Complete set of instructions for making an organism; consists of all the genetic material in organism’s chromosomes

38. Summarize the nature-nurture debate.

39. The tendency, after conditioning, for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses

40. Contrast recall & recognition.

41. The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

42. Which types of memory are process by the: Hippocampus Cerebellum Amygdala

43. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information; according to Piaget, young children develop these

44. Observation technique in which one person is studies in depth to identify universal principles

45. Impairment of language (either speaking or hearing)

46. Where & how does the brain “remember?”

47. “Correlation is NOT!”

48. What is the difference between representativeness heuristic & availability heuristic?

49. Identify UCS UCR CS CR

50. Pioneer of behaviorist school of learning; almost as famous as his dog!

51. Define:phoneme morpheme syntax semantics

52. Principle of concrete operational thought (Piaget); properties of an object (mass, volume) remain constant despite changes in form

53. Contrast absolute threshold & difference threshold.

54. A measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together Positive= Negative=

55. Where are the Broca’s Area & Wernicke’s Area located? What does each control?

56. What is the “Law of Effect?”

57. Define neurotransmitter. Give 5 examples & what each is responsible for.

58. When is the “critical period” for learning a language? What happens if a language is acquired after this?

59. The lining of the cochlea; contains hair cells that trigger neural messages to be sent to the auditory nerve

60. Clinging to one’s initial beliefs even after they have been discredited

61. Processing sensory input by encoding its meaning

62. The philosopher who authored the first major textbook for psychology

63. Name the psychologist who developed each theory: Moral Development Cognitive Development Psychosocial Development

64. A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the brain computes distance by comparing images from both eyeballs

65. Another term for observational learning

66. Tendency to search for information that agrees with previously-held ideas; evade contradictory evidence

67. How are nutrients and oxygen transferred from a mother to her fetus?

68. The professor who established the first psychology lab, employing the method of introspection

69. Perceiving objects as unchanging (lightness, color, shape, size) even as retinal image changes

70. What are “mnemonics?” Give an example.

71. Identify the between identical twins & fraternal twins.

72. Type of study that tests the same subjects over the course of their lives

73. Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating the situation

74. Why do we “forget?”

75. Tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list.

76. Who argued that humans have a predisposition to use and master the grammatical rules of language?

77. What is the difference between dependent variable & independent variable?

78. List & define the monocular cues of perception.

79. What was the main disagreement between Descartes & Locke?

80. Why do men in all cultures seek younger females with whom to marry?

81. Describe signal detection theory.

82. Perceiving a relationship between two things where none exists.

83. Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex. What is the function of each?